A perforated state is a state that .
completely surrounds another state
is small and highly centralized
serves as a buffer between two much larger states
stretches a long way in one direction, but a comparably short way in the other direction
is completely surrounded by another state
If the political barrier between two states is the 50th parallel on the lines of latitude, then the boundary between those two states is known as a(n) .
geometric boundary
arithmetic frontier
buffer state
physical boundary
intermediate boundary
