Cell Energy and Metabolism
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GED Science › Cell Energy and Metabolism
Many chemical reactions are carried out by various cell organelles.
Which of the following cell organelles carries out the reaction described by the equation 
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Explanation
The equation 
Photosynthesis is a process that plants use to create energy.
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
None of these
Explanation
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water 
Which step in cellular respiration results in the most ATP being produced?
Oxidative phosphorylation
The citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Explanation
Cellular respiration is composed of many steps used to break down glucose and convert the chemical energy into ATP. Of the four steps described in the answer choices, oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain is the most effective step for producing ATP. The electron transport chain can produce between 32 and 38 ATP from a single glucose molecule.
Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
Cytosol
Mitochondrial matrix
Chloroplast
The intermembrane space
Explanation
Glycolysis is the first step of glucose breakdown in cells. This process takes place in the cytosol.
The second step of cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. The third step, the electron transport chain, takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane and requires protons to be concentrated within the intermembrane space.
What statement about glycolysis is correct?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, without the need for accessory organelles
Glycolysis requires the use of the cell's mitochondria
Glycolysis is the breakdown of an 8-carbon sugar to two 4-carbon sugars
Glycolysis is not a necessary function for the cell to produce energy
Only animal cells undergo glycolysis; plant cells do not
Explanation
Glycolysis is the first step in cell metabolism. It is responsible for converting glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) into two molecules of pyruvate (a 3-carbon sugar). Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, where the sugar molecules interact directly with enzymes. After pyruvate is created, it is transported to the mitochondria for the remainder of cellular respiration (the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain).
Though plants undergo photosynthesis, they also use cellular respiration. Glycolysis takes place in both animal and plant cells.