Syntax - GED Language Arts (RLA)
Card 0 of 312
1 Overfishing is a serious threat \[Question 1\]. 2 Essentially, it means that humans are depleting the ocean’s supply of fish, crustaceans, sea mammals, kelps, and other \[Question 2\]. 3 The problem \[Question 3\] when sailors killed vast numbers of whales for their valuable blubber. 4 Since then, industrial fishing fleets and increased consumer demand have led to \[Question 4\] everything from sharks to blue fin tuna. 5 Even species that are not typically eaten \[Question 5\] have become accidental “bycatch” and are thereby threatened with endangerment. 6 If the process is not reversed soon, \[Question 6\].
What is the correct way to complete Sentence 5?
1 Overfishing is a serious threat \[Question 1\]. 2 Essentially, it means that humans are depleting the ocean’s supply of fish, crustaceans, sea mammals, kelps, and other \[Question 2\]. 3 The problem \[Question 3\] when sailors killed vast numbers of whales for their valuable blubber. 4 Since then, industrial fishing fleets and increased consumer demand have led to \[Question 4\] everything from sharks to blue fin tuna. 5 Even species that are not typically eaten \[Question 5\] have become accidental “bycatch” and are thereby threatened with endangerment. 6 If the process is not reversed soon, \[Question 6\].
What is the correct way to complete Sentence 5?
This question requires you to know your comma rules. Since “such as dolphins and loggerhead turtles” is a parenthetical (dependent) clause, it’s separated from the surrounding sentence by a comma at the beginning and at the end. No comma is necessary before the conjunction (“and”), though, since what’s being separated by the conjunction is not two independent clauses.
This question requires you to know your comma rules. Since “such as dolphins and loggerhead turtles” is a parenthetical (dependent) clause, it’s separated from the surrounding sentence by a comma at the beginning and at the end. No comma is necessary before the conjunction (“and”), though, since what’s being separated by the conjunction is not two independent clauses.
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1 Overfishing is a serious threat \[Question 1\]. 2 Essentially, it means that humans are depleting the ocean’s supply of fish, crustaceans, sea mammals, kelps, and other \[Question 2\]. 3 The problem \[Question 3\] when sailors killed vast numbers of whales for their valuable blubber. 4 Since then, industrial fishing fleets and increased consumer demand have led to \[Question 4\] everything from sharks to blue fin tuna. 5 Even species that are not typically eaten \[Question 5\] have become accidental “bycatch” and are thereby threatened with endangerment. 6 If the process is not reversed soon, \[Question 6\].
What is the correct way to complete Sentence 6?
1 Overfishing is a serious threat \[Question 1\]. 2 Essentially, it means that humans are depleting the ocean’s supply of fish, crustaceans, sea mammals, kelps, and other \[Question 2\]. 3 The problem \[Question 3\] when sailors killed vast numbers of whales for their valuable blubber. 4 Since then, industrial fishing fleets and increased consumer demand have led to \[Question 4\] everything from sharks to blue fin tuna. 5 Even species that are not typically eaten \[Question 5\] have become accidental “bycatch” and are thereby threatened with endangerment. 6 If the process is not reversed soon, \[Question 6\].
What is the correct way to complete Sentence 6?
Some of these choices are overly wordy: “it is predicted by scientists that every oceanic ecosystem will have collapsed by the year 2050” and “scientists, having predicted that every oceanic ecosystem will collapse, estimate that this disaster will occur by the year 2050.” Others are simply grammatically incorrect: “scientists predict that the collapse of every oceanic ecosystem by the year 2050” leads to a sentence fragment, as does “scientists predicting the collapse of every oceanic ecosystem by the year 2050.”
Some of these choices are overly wordy: “it is predicted by scientists that every oceanic ecosystem will have collapsed by the year 2050” and “scientists, having predicted that every oceanic ecosystem will collapse, estimate that this disaster will occur by the year 2050.” Others are simply grammatically incorrect: “scientists predict that the collapse of every oceanic ecosystem by the year 2050” leads to a sentence fragment, as does “scientists predicting the collapse of every oceanic ecosystem by the year 2050.”
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Adapted from Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, III.ii.82-117 (1599)
\[This is a speech by Mark Antony.\]
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious;
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest-
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men-
Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me;
But Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
He hath brought many captives home to Rome,
Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept;
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
You all did see that on the Lupercal \[a public festival\]
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition?
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And sure he is an honorable man.
I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
But here I am to speak what I do know.
You all did love him once, not without cause;
What cause withholds you then to mourn for him?
O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts,
And men have lost their reason. Bear with me;
My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,
And I must pause till it come back to me.
What is the function of the underlined expression, "Friends, Romans, countrymen"?
Adapted from Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, III.ii.82-117 (1599)
\[This is a speech by Mark Antony.\]
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious;
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest-
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men-
Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me;
But Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
He hath brought many captives home to Rome,
Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept;
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
You all did see that on the Lupercal \[a public festival\]
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition?
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And sure he is an honorable man.
I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
But here I am to speak what I do know.
You all did love him once, not without cause;
What cause withholds you then to mourn for him?
O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts,
And men have lost their reason. Bear with me;
My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,
And I must pause till it come back to me.
What is the function of the underlined expression, "Friends, Romans, countrymen"?
Notice several things in this question. First, we have three classes of people (or three names for one class): "friends," "Romans," and "countrymen." Furthermore, the last of these are separated from the main clause by a comma. You can find the main clause by looking for the part of the sentence that can "stand on its own." That portion is: "Lend me your ears." This is an imperative statement. It is a command by Mark Antony and is the main clause. The list of people is separated from this by a comma because they are three nouns of direct address. They are the people whom he is addressing. The context provided by the sentence and its grammar—without the further context of the play—is all that is necessary to figure this out.
Notice several things in this question. First, we have three classes of people (or three names for one class): "friends," "Romans," and "countrymen." Furthermore, the last of these are separated from the main clause by a comma. You can find the main clause by looking for the part of the sentence that can "stand on its own." That portion is: "Lend me your ears." This is an imperative statement. It is a command by Mark Antony and is the main clause. The list of people is separated from this by a comma because they are three nouns of direct address. They are the people whom he is addressing. The context provided by the sentence and its grammar—without the further context of the play—is all that is necessary to figure this out.
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Adapted from As You Like It by William Shakespeare (1623)
\[This is a monologue by the character Jacques\]
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;
Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like a snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like a furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin'd,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well sav'd, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every thing.
To what does the underlined phrase refer?
Adapted from As You Like It by William Shakespeare (1623)
\[This is a monologue by the character Jacques\]
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;
Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like a snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like a furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin'd,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well sav'd, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every thing.
To what does the underlined phrase refer?
Although the participial phrase "creeping like a snail . . ." comes directly after "face," this latter word is not the antecedent for the phrase. Generally, we do place participial phrases directly after their antecedents. For instance, we would say, "The boy, walking to the park, decided to get some soda." Here, "walking to the park," describes, "boy." In our sentence, the phrase comes at some distance from its antecedent. However, context and meaning clearly indicate that it is referring to the school-boy, who is the one that is creeping along to school with such reluctance.
Although the participial phrase "creeping like a snail . . ." comes directly after "face," this latter word is not the antecedent for the phrase. Generally, we do place participial phrases directly after their antecedents. For instance, we would say, "The boy, walking to the park, decided to get some soda." Here, "walking to the park," describes, "boy." In our sentence, the phrase comes at some distance from its antecedent. However, context and meaning clearly indicate that it is referring to the school-boy, who is the one that is creeping along to school with such reluctance.
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Coupons
Are you trying to stick to a budget? Using coupons for \[61\] purchases, also known as “couponing” is a great way to save money on groceries. \[62\] Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy. You will be amazed at the \[63\] great bargains and amazing savings you can get!
It’s easy to get started. \[64\] When you open up your daily newspaper, one might find a glossy insert full of coupons. \[65\] Some of the coupons will be for things you don’t buy, some will be for things you buy all the time. Go through the coupons and \[66\] chop out the ones you can use.
The key to successful couponing is getting multiple copies of coupon circulars. Ask \[67\] your friends, your neighbors, and family if they have any extras. Some coupon users even go through the recycling at their office to find more coupons! \[68\] Completely devoted, these circulars help coupon users to get even more savings.
Couponing might sound like hard work, but for \[69\] many people, it’s also a hobby. Not only does it help them save hundreds of dollars per year, \[70\] but instead it gives them a fun challenge every time they do their shopping.
Is there perhaps a greater value to a life lived without constant counting, penny-pinching, and miserliness? \[71\] But of what value are such savings? \[72\] At the end of the day; money is a construct, invented by the elite for the sole purpose of controlling the populace. \[73\] If we accept this fundamental truth, it behooves one to question the monetary structures that control our lives. Indeed, from this perspective, the very practice of couponing might seem a venial distraction from the valuable human endeavor of personal philosophical consideration. \[74\]
The papers we pore over should be in our books; the pennies we save should be in the currency of our happiness; \[75\] the budget we have made should have been a budget of our contentment.
A sort of couponing of the soul might ultimately be the solution.
Choose the answer that best corrects section \[61\].
Coupons
Are you trying to stick to a budget? Using coupons for \[61\] purchases, also known as “couponing” is a great way to save money on groceries. \[62\] Coupons are a little piece of paper that can give you a discount on what you buy. You will be amazed at the \[63\] great bargains and amazing savings you can get!
It’s easy to get started. \[64\] When you open up your daily newspaper, one might find a glossy insert full of coupons. \[65\] Some of the coupons will be for things you don’t buy, some will be for things you buy all the time. Go through the coupons and \[66\] chop out the ones you can use.
The key to successful couponing is getting multiple copies of coupon circulars. Ask \[67\] your friends, your neighbors, and family if they have any extras. Some coupon users even go through the recycling at their office to find more coupons! \[68\] Completely devoted, these circulars help coupon users to get even more savings.
Couponing might sound like hard work, but for \[69\] many people, it’s also a hobby. Not only does it help them save hundreds of dollars per year, \[70\] but instead it gives them a fun challenge every time they do their shopping.
Is there perhaps a greater value to a life lived without constant counting, penny-pinching, and miserliness? \[71\] But of what value are such savings? \[72\] At the end of the day; money is a construct, invented by the elite for the sole purpose of controlling the populace. \[73\] If we accept this fundamental truth, it behooves one to question the monetary structures that control our lives. Indeed, from this perspective, the very practice of couponing might seem a venial distraction from the valuable human endeavor of personal philosophical consideration. \[74\]
The papers we pore over should be in our books; the pennies we save should be in the currency of our happiness; \[75\] the budget we have made should have been a budget of our contentment.
A sort of couponing of the soul might ultimately be the solution.
Choose the answer that best corrects section \[61\].
This question asks you to correct an interrupting phrase error. An interrupting phrase is a phrase that provides extra information, but can be removed without changing the sentence. These phrases should be surrounded on either side by commas. In the original text, the second comma after "couponing" is missing.
This question asks you to correct an interrupting phrase error. An interrupting phrase is a phrase that provides extra information, but can be removed without changing the sentence. These phrases should be surrounded on either side by commas. In the original text, the second comma after "couponing" is missing.
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Read the passage and answer the question below
Dear Congressman Phillips,
I urge you to reconsider your closure of the shipyard. I'm a medical practitioner in the area, I meet many of the men and women employed by the facility. Many of these people are living paycheck to paycheck, unable to afford regular medical care; any gap in their employment could be devastating. If you must see it economically, consider the tremendous cost to the taxpayers when these people must rely on public programs for assistance. I ask you to please keep this shipyard open.
Very truly yours, . . .
What is another way to write this sentence?
Read the passage and answer the question below
Dear Congressman Phillips,
I urge you to reconsider your closure of the shipyard. I'm a medical practitioner in the area, I meet many of the men and women employed by the facility. Many of these people are living paycheck to paycheck, unable to afford regular medical care; any gap in their employment could be devastating. If you must see it economically, consider the tremendous cost to the taxpayers when these people must rely on public programs for assistance. I ask you to please keep this shipyard open.
Very truly yours, . . .
What is another way to write this sentence?
Removing the comma and replacing it with a conjunction is not quite enough to separate the two clauses, because they are independent. Thus, we must use a comma and a conjunction to separate them, not just one or the other.
Removing the comma and replacing it with a conjunction is not quite enough to separate the two clauses, because they are independent. Thus, we must use a comma and a conjunction to separate them, not just one or the other.
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1About thirty years ago Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, and to be thereby raised to the rank of a baronet's lady, with all the comforts and consequences of an handsome house and large income. 2 All Huntingdon exclaimed on the greatness of the match, and her uncle, the lawyer, himself, allowed her to be at least three thousand pounds short of any equitable claim to it. 3 She had two sisters to be benefited by her elevation; and such of their acquaintance as thought Miss Ward and Miss Frances quite as handsome as Miss Maria, did not scruple to predict their marrying with almost equal advantage. 4 But there certainly are not so many men of large fortune in the world as there are pretty women to deserve them. 5 Miss Ward, at the end of half a dozen years, found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr. Norris, a friend of her brother-in-law, with scarcely any private fortune, and Miss Frances fared yet worse. 6 Miss Ward's match, indeed, when it came to the point, was not contemptible: Sir Thomas being happily able to give his friend an income in the living of Mansfield; and Mr. and Mrs. Norris began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year. 7 But Miss Frances married, in the common phrase, to disoblige her family, and by fixing on a lieutenant of marines, without education, fortune, or connexions, did it very thoroughly. 8 She could hardly have made a more untoward choice.
What style of sentence dominates this passage?
1About thirty years ago Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, and to be thereby raised to the rank of a baronet's lady, with all the comforts and consequences of an handsome house and large income. 2 All Huntingdon exclaimed on the greatness of the match, and her uncle, the lawyer, himself, allowed her to be at least three thousand pounds short of any equitable claim to it. 3 She had two sisters to be benefited by her elevation; and such of their acquaintance as thought Miss Ward and Miss Frances quite as handsome as Miss Maria, did not scruple to predict their marrying with almost equal advantage. 4 But there certainly are not so many men of large fortune in the world as there are pretty women to deserve them. 5 Miss Ward, at the end of half a dozen years, found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr. Norris, a friend of her brother-in-law, with scarcely any private fortune, and Miss Frances fared yet worse. 6 Miss Ward's match, indeed, when it came to the point, was not contemptible: Sir Thomas being happily able to give his friend an income in the living of Mansfield; and Mr. and Mrs. Norris began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year. 7 But Miss Frances married, in the common phrase, to disoblige her family, and by fixing on a lieutenant of marines, without education, fortune, or connexions, did it very thoroughly. 8 She could hardly have made a more untoward choice.
What style of sentence dominates this passage?
Hypotaxis or hypotactic sentences are ones in which clauses are subordinate to other clauses (e.g. “I am late because I overslept”). This is the kind of sentence structure that gives rise to the long, winding syntax of this passage. On the other hand, parataxis or paratactic sentences are ones in which short, simple clauses are placed beside each other without subordination (e.g. “I am late; I overslept”).
Passage adapted from Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park (1814)
Hypotaxis or hypotactic sentences are ones in which clauses are subordinate to other clauses (e.g. “I am late because I overslept”). This is the kind of sentence structure that gives rise to the long, winding syntax of this passage. On the other hand, parataxis or paratactic sentences are ones in which short, simple clauses are placed beside each other without subordination (e.g. “I am late; I overslept”).
Passage adapted from Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park (1814)
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Read the passage and select the option that best completes each sentence.
When I go to a concert, there's a sort of energy in the air unlike any other. I don't mean just excitement, but it's like the excitement of everyone in the room, felt at once. I think that may be why it's so fun to meet people at shows, \[Question 1\]. Once the band starts playing, I totally forget about everyone around me, and I'm just completely in the moment. Usually this is a great feeling, but \[Question 2\]. Most of the time, it's not a problem; since we're all so excited about the music, it's hard to stay mad at someone else for running into me. By the end of the set, I'm completely exhausted, but still buzzing from that group enthusiasm. Overall, \[Question 3\].
Read the passage and select the option that best completes each sentence.
When I go to a concert, there's a sort of energy in the air unlike any other. I don't mean just excitement, but it's like the excitement of everyone in the room, felt at once. I think that may be why it's so fun to meet people at shows, \[Question 1\]. Once the band starts playing, I totally forget about everyone around me, and I'm just completely in the moment. Usually this is a great feeling, but \[Question 2\]. Most of the time, it's not a problem; since we're all so excited about the music, it's hard to stay mad at someone else for running into me. By the end of the set, I'm completely exhausted, but still buzzing from that group enthusiasm. Overall, \[Question 3\].
The beginning of the sentence is an independent clause, and so is the rest of the sentence in the way we are completing it. Because of this, it has to be separated with a comma and a conjunction, which is what "because" is doing. "And" doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence, and "because everyone disagrees about the band" does not reflect the main idea of the text. "Because were all feeling the same way" is incorrect because "were" needs to have an apostrophe to mean "we are."
The beginning of the sentence is an independent clause, and so is the rest of the sentence in the way we are completing it. Because of this, it has to be separated with a comma and a conjunction, which is what "because" is doing. "And" doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence, and "because everyone disagrees about the band" does not reflect the main idea of the text. "Because were all feeling the same way" is incorrect because "were" needs to have an apostrophe to mean "we are."
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Read the passage and select the option that best completes each sentence.
When I go to a concert, there's a sort of energy in the air unlike any other. I don't mean just excitement, but it's like the excitement of everyone in the room, felt at once. I think that may be why it's so fun to meet people at shows, \[Question 1\]. Once the band starts playing, I totally forget about everyone around me, and I'm just completely in the moment. Usually this is a great feeling, but \[Question 2\]. Most of the time, it's not a problem; since we're all so excited about the music, it's hard to stay mad at someone else for running into me. By the end of the set, I'm completely exhausted, but still buzzing from that group enthusiasm. Overall, \[Question 3\].
Read the passage and select the option that best completes each sentence.
When I go to a concert, there's a sort of energy in the air unlike any other. I don't mean just excitement, but it's like the excitement of everyone in the room, felt at once. I think that may be why it's so fun to meet people at shows, \[Question 1\]. Once the band starts playing, I totally forget about everyone around me, and I'm just completely in the moment. Usually this is a great feeling, but \[Question 2\]. Most of the time, it's not a problem; since we're all so excited about the music, it's hard to stay mad at someone else for running into me. By the end of the set, I'm completely exhausted, but still buzzing from that group enthusiasm. Overall, \[Question 3\].
The sentence starts with a good thing, then uses the conjunction "but," which tells us that the next thing is going to be negative in some way, and it starts with "usually," so we know the following part won't be frequent. These factors rule out "most of the time people...," "sometimes people high-five me," and "the energy in the room is amazing." The statement "this is why I don't like going to concerts" is the opposite of the main idea of the passage, leaving "sometimes people run into me without realizing" as the correct answer.
The sentence starts with a good thing, then uses the conjunction "but," which tells us that the next thing is going to be negative in some way, and it starts with "usually," so we know the following part won't be frequent. These factors rule out "most of the time people...," "sometimes people high-five me," and "the energy in the room is amazing." The statement "this is why I don't like going to concerts" is the opposite of the main idea of the passage, leaving "sometimes people run into me without realizing" as the correct answer.
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Read the passage and choose the option that best completes each sentence.
When I go to a concert, there's a sort of energy in the air unlike any other. I don't mean just excitement, but it's like the excitement of everyone in the room, felt at once. I think that may be why it's so fun to meet people at shows, \[Question 1\]. Once the band starts playing, I totally forget about everyone around me, and I'm just completely in the moment. Usually this is a great feeling, but\[Question 2\]. Most of the time, it's not a problem; since we're all so excited about the music, it's hard to stay mad at someone else for running into me. By the end of the set, I'm completely exhausted, but still buzzing from that group enthusiasm. Overall, \[Question 3\].
Read the passage and choose the option that best completes each sentence.
When I go to a concert, there's a sort of energy in the air unlike any other. I don't mean just excitement, but it's like the excitement of everyone in the room, felt at once. I think that may be why it's so fun to meet people at shows, \[Question 1\]. Once the band starts playing, I totally forget about everyone around me, and I'm just completely in the moment. Usually this is a great feeling, but\[Question 2\]. Most of the time, it's not a problem; since we're all so excited about the music, it's hard to stay mad at someone else for running into me. By the end of the set, I'm completely exhausted, but still buzzing from that group enthusiasm. Overall, \[Question 3\].
This sentence should summarize the general idea of the passage, which we can tell by the word "overall". "You should use hearing protection at concerts" and "live music is a waste of money" both bring in new statements rather than summarizing the passage. "Be careful of other people when you're at a concert" mentions a smaller part of the text, but not the whole passage, and "seeing a live concert is a totally different experience than listening to music at home" refers to a comparison that wasn't made, leaving "the excitement and energy at a live concert is an amazing thing to experience" as the correct answer.
This sentence should summarize the general idea of the passage, which we can tell by the word "overall". "You should use hearing protection at concerts" and "live music is a waste of money" both bring in new statements rather than summarizing the passage. "Be careful of other people when you're at a concert" mentions a smaller part of the text, but not the whole passage, and "seeing a live concert is a totally different experience than listening to music at home" refers to a comparison that wasn't made, leaving "the excitement and energy at a live concert is an amazing thing to experience" as the correct answer.
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1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 1?
1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 1?
The use of “extensive” in Sentence 1 makes it clear that a two-year gestation is unusually long. It stands to reason that the rest of the sentence is explaining that this excessive gestation period allows the elephant fetus adequate time to develop.
The use of “extensive” in Sentence 1 makes it clear that a two-year gestation is unusually long. It stands to reason that the rest of the sentence is explaining that this excessive gestation period allows the elephant fetus adequate time to develop.
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1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 3?
1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 3?
You may be able to hear the correct answer by reading it aloud in the sentence, or you may notice that only the options preceded by the comma would fit grammatically. Colons precede lists, and semicolons separate two independent clauses. Neither of those situations applies here.
You may be able to hear the correct answer by reading it aloud in the sentence, or you may notice that only the options preceded by the comma would fit grammatically. Colons precede lists, and semicolons separate two independent clauses. Neither of those situations applies here.
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1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 4?
1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 4?
The relationship between the two parts of this sentence is one of agreement, not opposition. That rules out the choices beginning with “while” and “whereas.” The option beginning with “they are” is ungrammatical, as a comma cannot separate two independent clauses. “Which they are generally social animals even as adults” is a mixed construction.
The relationship between the two parts of this sentence is one of agreement, not opposition. That rules out the choices beginning with “while” and “whereas.” The option beginning with “they are” is ungrammatical, as a comma cannot separate two independent clauses. “Which they are generally social animals even as adults” is a mixed construction.
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1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 5?
1 Baby elephants have an extensive gestation period of around two years, \[Question One\]. 2 Although they can walk soon after they are born, baby elephants are quite feeble for the first few weeks of their lives. 3 Around three months after birth, baby elephants are capable of foraging for their own food \[Question 2\]. 4 They communicate with their mothers by intertwining or touching their trunks \[Question 3\]. 5 Young elephants are very intelligent, \[Question 4\]. 6 That is to say, all ages of elephants can communicate, interpret human behavior, use tools, and even mourn their dead.
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 5?
Reading Sentence 6 makes it clear that young elephants and adults are both very intelligent. The only choice that expresses this relationship grammatically is “as are adults.” (The choice beginning with “however” is incorrectly punctuated and should be preceded by a semicolon, not a comma.)
Reading Sentence 6 makes it clear that young elephants and adults are both very intelligent. The only choice that expresses this relationship grammatically is “as are adults.” (The choice beginning with “however” is incorrectly punctuated and should be preceded by a semicolon, not a comma.)
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1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 1?
1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 1?
Knowing the correct diction for this sentence will help you eliminate choices. New cooking techniques can “proliferate,” or spread, across the world; they cannot “peruse.” “Profligated” is not a word; “profligate” means spendthrift. You should also note that “abundance,” a singular noun, requires the verb conjugation “has” and not “have.”
Knowing the correct diction for this sentence will help you eliminate choices. New cooking techniques can “proliferate,” or spread, across the world; they cannot “peruse.” “Profligated” is not a word; “profligate” means spendthrift. You should also note that “abundance,” a singular noun, requires the verb conjugation “has” and not “have.”
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From Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, III.ii.13-33 (1599)
\[This is a speech by Brutus to a crowd at Caesar’s funeral.\]
Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my
cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me
for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that
you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and
awake your senses, that you may the better judge.
If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of
Caesar's, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar
was no less than his. If then that friend demand
why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer:
Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved
Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and
die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead to live
all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him;
as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was
valiant, I honor him; but as he was ambitious, I
slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his
fortune, honor for his valor, and death for his
ambition. Who is here so base that would be a
bondman? If any, speak, for him have I offended.
Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If
any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so
vile that will not love his country? If any, speak,
for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.
By what grammatical device does Brutus construct the parallelism found in the underlined sentences?
From Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, III.ii.13-33 (1599)
\[This is a speech by Brutus to a crowd at Caesar’s funeral.\]
Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my
cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me
for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that
you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and
awake your senses, that you may the better judge.
If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of
Caesar's, to him I say that Brutus' love to Caesar
was no less than his. If then that friend demand
why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer:
Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved
Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and
die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead to live
all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him;
as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was
valiant, I honor him; but as he was ambitious, I
slew him. There is tears for his love, joy for his
fortune, honor for his valor, and death for his
ambition. Who is here so base that would be a
bondman? If any, speak, for him have I offended.
Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If
any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so
vile that will not love his country? If any, speak,
for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.
By what grammatical device does Brutus construct the parallelism found in the underlined sentences?
The key to this question is to notice the parallel use of verbs and the subordinate clauses that begin with "that." See the emphasized selection below, which uses boldface and underlining to show you these portions clearly:
"Hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge."
In each of these sentences, Brutus uses two verbs in the imperative mood followed by an explanation of why they are to listen to the commands made by the verbs. This establishes the "rhythm" of the parallelism and makes these three sentences clearly related in structure.
The key to this question is to notice the parallel use of verbs and the subordinate clauses that begin with "that." See the emphasized selection below, which uses boldface and underlining to show you these portions clearly:
"Hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge."
In each of these sentences, Brutus uses two verbs in the imperative mood followed by an explanation of why they are to listen to the commands made by the verbs. This establishes the "rhythm" of the parallelism and makes these three sentences clearly related in structure.
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1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 2?
1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 2?
Note that the subject of this sentence is “combination,” a singular noun that requires the verb “is.” This allows us to rule out all but two of the answers. Of the remaining options, “is responsibly rising its popularity” is very awkward, leaving us with “is responsible for this rise in popularity.”
Note that the subject of this sentence is “combination,” a singular noun that requires the verb “is.” This allows us to rule out all but two of the answers. Of the remaining options, “is responsibly rising its popularity” is very awkward, leaving us with “is responsible for this rise in popularity.”
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1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 3?
1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 3?
Based on the middle of Sentence 3, we can see that we have a “everything from to ” construction. This construction can’t have other prepositions substituted in it; you must use “from” and “to” to write it correctly. The construction also does not require any punctuation before the “to.”
Based on the middle of Sentence 3, we can see that we have a “everything from to ” construction. This construction can’t have other prepositions substituted in it; you must use “from” and “to” to write it correctly. The construction also does not require any punctuation before the “to.”
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1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 4?
1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 4?
Since the second half of Sentence 4 is a dependent clause, the missing part of the sentence must supply the subject and verb to make it an independent clause. The only choices here that do so are “are also resurrecting old techniques” and “, were also resurrecting old techniques.” The latter choice is incorrect because of the comma and the past tense verb “were.”
Since the second half of Sentence 4 is a dependent clause, the missing part of the sentence must supply the subject and verb to make it an independent clause. The only choices here that do so are “are also resurrecting old techniques” and “, were also resurrecting old techniques.” The latter choice is incorrect because of the comma and the past tense verb “were.”
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1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 5?
1 Over the past few decades, an abundance of new cooking techniques \[Question 1\]. 2 A combination of internet tutorials, popular cooking shows, and celebrity chefs \[Question 2\]. 3 Today, professional and amateur cooks alike have access to information and tools that allow them to explore everything from fire-roasting vegetables \[Question 3\]. 4 Some chefs \[Question 4\], a strategy they say allows them to respect tradition while maintaining innovation. 5 Among these old techniques \[Question 5\] pickling, fermenting, and smoking, for instance. 6 Whether you’re interested in X, Y, or Z \[Question 6\].
Which of the following phrases best completes Sentence 5?
Since the beginning of Sentence 5 introduces a list, the correct punctuation mark is a colon. Since several techniques are being listed, the correct verb conjugation is “are” (present tense and plural). This eliminates all but one of the choices.
Since the beginning of Sentence 5 introduces a list, the correct punctuation mark is a colon. Since several techniques are being listed, the correct verb conjugation is “are” (present tense and plural). This eliminates all but one of the choices.
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