Distinguish between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks
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Earth Science › Distinguish between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks
What type of rock belongs in the space labeled "#2" in this diagram of the rock cycle?
metamorphic
sedimentary
igneous
not enough information
Explanation
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.
How is intrusive igneous rock formed and what is the resulting texture?
Magma cools slowly, creating a coarse grained texture.
Magma cools slowly, creating a smooth texture.
Magma cools quickly, creating a coarse grained texture.
Magma cools quickly, creating a smooth texture.
Explanation
The answer is "Magma cools slowly, creating a coarse grained texture."
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.
As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.
What type of rock is pictured?
intrusive igneous
extrusive igneous
foliated metamorphic
exfoliated metamorphic
Explanation
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.
What type of rock is granite? (Pictured above)
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
crystalline
Explanation
The answer is "igneous."
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.
As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.
You pick up a rock and it is composed of several different sized pebbles, sand, pieces of other rock cemented together. What type of rock are you holding?
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic
mineral
Explanation
The answer is "sedimentary."
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.
As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.
Which of the following lists rocks that are metamorphic?
slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss
sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate
basalt, granite, quartz, and topaz
pumice, and obsidian
Explanation
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.
Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?
shale
obsidian
basalt
quartz
Explanation
The answer is "shale" because shale is a type of sedimentary rock.
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.
As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground
Which type of rock belongs in the blank labeled "#3" in the rock cycle diagram pictured?
sedimentary
metamorphic
igneous
none of these
Explanation
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.
The rock pictured is a conglomerate of many fossils, sand, and minerals. What type of rock is it?
sedimentary
intrusive igneous
extrusive igneous
foliated metamorphic
Explanation
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.
Slate is a metamorphic rock. Which best describes how slate is formed?
heating and pressurization of shale
compaction of silica and sand
lava extrusions of iron
weathering and deposition of gneiss
Explanation
The answer is "heating and pressurization of shale."
Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers.
As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.
Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground.