Identifying, Monitoring, Providing Care, and Administering Medication to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases
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CCRN › Identifying, Monitoring, Providing Care, and Administering Medication to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases
Direct-acting vasodilators that are smooth muscle relaxants include which of the following medications?
I. Nitroglycerin
II. Furosemide
III. Nitroprusside
I and III only
III only
I and II only
II only
Explanation
Smooth muscle relaxants that are direct-acting vasodilators include nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. These medications, which are used in the treatment of heart failure, work to reduce cardiac filling pressures and dilate coronary arteries. Furosemide is a loop diuretic.
The two specialized cell types contained within the sinoatrial (SA) node:
border zone cells and specialized pacemaker cells
specialized pacemaker cells and cardiomyocytes
chondrocytes and border zone cells
cardiomyocytes and border zone cells
Explanation
The sinoatrial (SA) node contains two specialized cell types: border zone cells and specialized pacemaker cells. Cardiomyocytes are heart muscle cells, and chondrocytes are cartilage producing cells.
Which of the following is NOT a measurement on an arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis?
fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
pH
arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)
bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
Explanation
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis includes five measurements: pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and base excess (BE). Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is not apart of an ABG analysis.
Atrial septal defects allow blood to be shunted between the left and right atria. The most common atrial septal defect is:
ostium secundum
sinus venosus
ostium primum
none of the given answers are correct
Explanation
There are typically three types of atrial septal defects: ostium secundum, sinus venosus, and ostium primum. Of the three, ostium secundum, which occurs around the region of the foramen ovale, is the most common.