Europe - AP World History: Modern
Card 0 of 316
The Berlin Airlift occurred in the aftermath of .
The Berlin Airlift occurred in the aftermath of .
After the end of World War Two, the city of Berlin was divided into four zones of control: American, British, French, and Russian; however, the city itself was located in East Germany and thus under direct control of the Soviet Union. The American, French, and British sections were combined to form West Berlin. As the Cold War began to dominate global politics, the Soviet Union tried to control the entire city of Berlin and closed off the city to trade with the Western world. The French, British, and particularly American authorities, under the leadership of General Marshall, airlifted supplies into the Western areas of the city to keep the population from starving and also to keep them from turning in desperation to Communism.
After the end of World War Two, the city of Berlin was divided into four zones of control: American, British, French, and Russian; however, the city itself was located in East Germany and thus under direct control of the Soviet Union. The American, French, and British sections were combined to form West Berlin. As the Cold War began to dominate global politics, the Soviet Union tried to control the entire city of Berlin and closed off the city to trade with the Western world. The French, British, and particularly American authorities, under the leadership of General Marshall, airlifted supplies into the Western areas of the city to keep the population from starving and also to keep them from turning in desperation to Communism.
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Which of these countries was NOT considered part of the Eastern Bloc of Soviet European countries?
Which of these countries was NOT considered part of the Eastern Bloc of Soviet European countries?
The Eastern Bloc was established in the years immediately following World War Two when most of Europe was being divided between Western (American-influenced) Capitalism and Eastern (Soviet-influenced) Communism. Poland, East Germany, Romania, and Czechoslovakia were all incorporated into the Eastern Bloc under the Warsaw Pact. Finland and Switzerland were the only countries to remain neutral—neither Western- nor Eastern-aligned.
The Eastern Bloc was established in the years immediately following World War Two when most of Europe was being divided between Western (American-influenced) Capitalism and Eastern (Soviet-influenced) Communism. Poland, East Germany, Romania, and Czechoslovakia were all incorporated into the Eastern Bloc under the Warsaw Pact. Finland and Switzerland were the only countries to remain neutral—neither Western- nor Eastern-aligned.
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The Warsaw Pact .
The Warsaw Pact .
The Warsaw Pact was an agreement signed in 1955 between the various Eastern European and Soviet-bloc countries of the Cold War. It aimed to provide for mutual cooperation and defense and was essentially created as a foil to the American- and British-lead NATO Pact, which West Germany had joined the year before.
The Warsaw Pact was an agreement signed in 1955 between the various Eastern European and Soviet-bloc countries of the Cold War. It aimed to provide for mutual cooperation and defense and was essentially created as a foil to the American- and British-lead NATO Pact, which West Germany had joined the year before.
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Who was the Communist ruler of Yugoslavia during the Cold War in Europe?
Who was the Communist ruler of Yugoslavia during the Cold War in Europe?
Yugoslavia is a somewhat unique case in the history of the Cold War in Europe. Although essentially a Communist nation, the government of Yugoslavia, led by Marshal Tito, sought to distance itself from Soviet hegemony. Tito was an ardent Yugoslavian nationalist.
Yugoslavia is a somewhat unique case in the history of the Cold War in Europe. Although essentially a Communist nation, the government of Yugoslavia, led by Marshal Tito, sought to distance itself from Soviet hegemony. Tito was an ardent Yugoslavian nationalist.
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Which of the following were the first two European countries to be provided aid by the Truman Doctrine?
Which of the following were the first two European countries to be provided aid by the Truman Doctrine?
The Truman Doctrine was the primary foreign policy of President Harry Truman in the years immediately after World War Two. The Truman Doctrine stated that the United States would provide economic and military aid to those countries facing a communist uprising to stop the spread of socialism and Soviet hegemony. The first two countries to be given American aid under the Truman Doctrine were Greece and Turkey, in 1947. Both countries were facing threats of Soviet hegemony and communist uprisings, so they were given financial and military support by the United States.
The Truman Doctrine was the primary foreign policy of President Harry Truman in the years immediately after World War Two. The Truman Doctrine stated that the United States would provide economic and military aid to those countries facing a communist uprising to stop the spread of socialism and Soviet hegemony. The first two countries to be given American aid under the Truman Doctrine were Greece and Turkey, in 1947. Both countries were facing threats of Soviet hegemony and communist uprisings, so they were given financial and military support by the United States.
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Which of these countries was non-aligned during the Cold War?
Which of these countries was non-aligned during the Cold War?
During the Cold War in Europe, the vast majority of countries fell into one of two groups. Western Europe was primarily capitalist and allied, through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with the United States. NATO included France, Austria, Greece, Great Britain, West Germany, and several other countries. Communist Eastern Europe primarily fell under the influence of the Soviet Union, and was allied under the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact included Poland, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, and several other countries. Yugoslavia, itself a Communist nation, resisted the Soviet hegemony and, along with India, Egypt, and Indonesia, formed the non-alignment bloc of independent nations.
During the Cold War in Europe, the vast majority of countries fell into one of two groups. Western Europe was primarily capitalist and allied, through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with the United States. NATO included France, Austria, Greece, Great Britain, West Germany, and several other countries. Communist Eastern Europe primarily fell under the influence of the Soviet Union, and was allied under the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact included Poland, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, and several other countries. Yugoslavia, itself a Communist nation, resisted the Soviet hegemony and, along with India, Egypt, and Indonesia, formed the non-alignment bloc of independent nations.
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Which four nations were present at the Geneva Summit of 1955?
Which four nations were present at the Geneva Summit of 1955?
The Geneva Convention was organized in 1955 with the stated aim of reducing global tension and beginning the process towards world peace. It failed in this mission, but it represented the first of many attempts during the Cold War to try and find an entente between the East and the West. It was attended by the political leaders of the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.
The Geneva Convention was organized in 1955 with the stated aim of reducing global tension and beginning the process towards world peace. It failed in this mission, but it represented the first of many attempts during the Cold War to try and find an entente between the East and the West. It was attended by the political leaders of the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.
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In 1989, The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent transition from socialism to democracy in which European country?
In 1989, The Velvet Revolution was a non-violent transition from socialism to democracy in which European country?
The Velvet Revolution can be seen as part of the wider trend of European history, in 1989 and 1990, when the communist regimes all over Europe and in the Soviet Union were crumbling and being replaced by capitalism and democracy. The Velvet Revolution took place in Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia and the Czech Republic) in the winter of 1989. It was an almost entirely non-violent revolution, inspired by student protests that led to a very swift resignation of the communist government.
The Velvet Revolution can be seen as part of the wider trend of European history, in 1989 and 1990, when the communist regimes all over Europe and in the Soviet Union were crumbling and being replaced by capitalism and democracy. The Velvet Revolution took place in Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia and the Czech Republic) in the winter of 1989. It was an almost entirely non-violent revolution, inspired by student protests that led to a very swift resignation of the communist government.
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Which of these Cold War-era European institutions is generally understood as the precursor to the European Union?
Which of these Cold War-era European institutions is generally understood as the precursor to the European Union?
The European Coal and Steel Community is generally considered as the initial step in the integration of European markets and politics under one umbrella organization, now called the European Union. It was initially proposed by the French government in 1950 as a means to prevent any future war in Europe between France and Germany. The aim was to make it so war was not just improbable, but rather "materially impossible" by integrating the economies of France and Germany so much that they were dependent on each other. By 1951, the ECSC was ratified by six countries: France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Luxembourg.
The European Coal and Steel Community is generally considered as the initial step in the integration of European markets and politics under one umbrella organization, now called the European Union. It was initially proposed by the French government in 1950 as a means to prevent any future war in Europe between France and Germany. The aim was to make it so war was not just improbable, but rather "materially impossible" by integrating the economies of France and Germany so much that they were dependent on each other. By 1951, the ECSC was ratified by six countries: France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Luxembourg.
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Which French political leader emerged from retirement to help abate the crisis brought about by the demise of the French Fourth Republic in 1958?
Which French political leader emerged from retirement to help abate the crisis brought about by the demise of the French Fourth Republic in 1958?
The French Fourth Republic was formed in the aftermath of World War Two, but immediately ran into the same problems of the French Third Republic: an Executive Branch that was too weak, with too many diverse political parties. The government was unable to rule effectively, and the Fourth Republic crumbled after just a decade. The wartime hero, Charles de Gaulle, was called back to office to preside over the transition to the French Fifth Republic, which has continued to this day.
The French Fourth Republic was formed in the aftermath of World War Two, but immediately ran into the same problems of the French Third Republic: an Executive Branch that was too weak, with too many diverse political parties. The government was unable to rule effectively, and the Fourth Republic crumbled after just a decade. The wartime hero, Charles de Gaulle, was called back to office to preside over the transition to the French Fifth Republic, which has continued to this day.
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What was the primary outcome of the Helsinki Accords in 1975?
What was the primary outcome of the Helsinki Accords in 1975?
The Helsinki Accords were signed in 1975, by the United States and most of the European countries, to recognize the territorial gains made by the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of World War Two. It was seen, at the time, as a major diplomatic victory for the Soviet Union and a lessening of the tensions between the East and the West during the Cold War.
The Helsinki Accords were signed in 1975, by the United States and most of the European countries, to recognize the territorial gains made by the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of World War Two. It was seen, at the time, as a major diplomatic victory for the Soviet Union and a lessening of the tensions between the East and the West during the Cold War.
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The Algerian Crisis led to the demise of .
The Algerian Crisis led to the demise of .
The Algerian Crisis occurred in 1958 when a group of French generals and Algerian politicians staged a coup in Algeria in an attempt to create an independent Algerian nation free of French control. It led directly to the demise of the already weakening French Fourth Republic and precipitated the rise of the French Fifth Republic.
The Algerian Crisis occurred in 1958 when a group of French generals and Algerian politicians staged a coup in Algeria in an attempt to create an independent Algerian nation free of French control. It led directly to the demise of the already weakening French Fourth Republic and precipitated the rise of the French Fifth Republic.
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What name was given to the Russian legislature during the Tsarist regime?
What name was given to the Russian legislature during the Tsarist regime?
The Russian legislature was called the Duma. It was created by the Tsar to give in to calls for democracy, but in reality, it had limited powers to effect legislation.
The Russian legislature was called the Duma. It was created by the Tsar to give in to calls for democracy, but in reality, it had limited powers to effect legislation.
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Which Russian leader is responsible for “The Five Year Plan”?
Which Russian leader is responsible for “The Five Year Plan”?
The notion of a Five Year Plan is part of the Communist approach to controlled economies. During the history of the Soviet Union, the function of most five year plans was to either increase food production or to greatly improve industry and manufacturing. The first Five Year Plan was suggested by Stalin in the 1920s when he was still the General Secretary under Lenin. When Stalin assumed complete control of the party, he envisioned a system of collective farming across the nation and set up a Five Year Plan to engender this. It failed, somewhat spectacularly, and lead to grossly widespread famine and malnutrition.
The notion of a Five Year Plan is part of the Communist approach to controlled economies. During the history of the Soviet Union, the function of most five year plans was to either increase food production or to greatly improve industry and manufacturing. The first Five Year Plan was suggested by Stalin in the 1920s when he was still the General Secretary under Lenin. When Stalin assumed complete control of the party, he envisioned a system of collective farming across the nation and set up a Five Year Plan to engender this. It failed, somewhat spectacularly, and lead to grossly widespread famine and malnutrition.
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Which of these figures was neither a ruler of the Soviet Union nor head of the Communist party?
Which of these figures was neither a ruler of the Soviet Union nor head of the Communist party?
All of these men served as heads of the Communist party and/or Soviet government except for Leon Trotsky. Trotsky came to power in the same wave of revolution that ushered in Vladimir Lenin as leader of the country. However, Trotsky opposed the rise of Josef Stalin, and once Stalin assumed control of the country, Trotsky was exiled and a decade later, executed on Stalin's orders.
All of these men served as heads of the Communist party and/or Soviet government except for Leon Trotsky. Trotsky came to power in the same wave of revolution that ushered in Vladimir Lenin as leader of the country. However, Trotsky opposed the rise of Josef Stalin, and once Stalin assumed control of the country, Trotsky was exiled and a decade later, executed on Stalin's orders.
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The Domino Theory states which of the following?
The Domino Theory states which of the following?
The Domino Theory became an important part of American foreign policy during the Cold War. It states that once one country falls under the influence of communism, there is a heightened chance that its neighboring countries will also succumb. It was the main motivation behind several of the United States' conflicts in the twentieth century such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
The Domino Theory became an important part of American foreign policy during the Cold War. It states that once one country falls under the influence of communism, there is a heightened chance that its neighboring countries will also succumb. It was the main motivation behind several of the United States' conflicts in the twentieth century such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
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Yuri Gagarin is most famous for .
Yuri Gagarin is most famous for .
Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet cosmonaut and the first human to go to outer space. During the 1950s and 1960s, a major part of the Cold War between America and the Soviet Union was the Space Race. The Soviets were the first to orbit the Earth (with Sputnik) and the first to put a man in space, Yuri Gagarin in 1961; however, the United States was the first to put a man on the moon in 1969.
Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet cosmonaut and the first human to go to outer space. During the 1950s and 1960s, a major part of the Cold War between America and the Soviet Union was the Space Race. The Soviets were the first to orbit the Earth (with Sputnik) and the first to put a man in space, Yuri Gagarin in 1961; however, the United States was the first to put a man on the moon in 1969.
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Who represented the Soviet Union at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences?
Who represented the Soviet Union at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences?
The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences took place during and immediately after the Second World War, respectively. The three major Allied powers—Britain, the United States, and the USSR—met to discuss terms and the postwar world order. The Soviet Union was represented by Josef Stalin, who ruled the country at the time.
The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences took place during and immediately after the Second World War, respectively. The three major Allied powers—Britain, the United States, and the USSR—met to discuss terms and the postwar world order. The Soviet Union was represented by Josef Stalin, who ruled the country at the time.
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The campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union, known as "the Great Purge," is associated with .
The campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union, known as "the Great Purge," is associated with .
The Great Purge took place from the mid-1930s until 1940. It was an enforced program of political repression and was an attempt to consolidate power and control under Josef Stalin. Stalin ordered the Red Army purged of any subversive (or suspected subversive) elements, as well as the bullying and execution of millions of peasants.
The Great Purge took place from the mid-1930s until 1940. It was an enforced program of political repression and was an attempt to consolidate power and control under Josef Stalin. Stalin ordered the Red Army purged of any subversive (or suspected subversive) elements, as well as the bullying and execution of millions of peasants.
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Vladimir Lenin promoted .
Vladimir Lenin promoted .
In demanding an immediate transition to socialism for Russia, Lenin disagreed with Marx's views. Lenin also promoted the collectivization of farms, although at a more gradual rate than some of his peers.
Lenin advocated revolution from above, by trained revolutionaries.
In demanding an immediate transition to socialism for Russia, Lenin disagreed with Marx's views. Lenin also promoted the collectivization of farms, although at a more gradual rate than some of his peers.
Lenin advocated revolution from above, by trained revolutionaries.
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