Biology - AP Psychology
Card 0 of 2310
Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?
Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?
Melanin is a pigment found in the skin and eyes, but also in the brain. It is not to be confused with melatonin, a hormone and neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter associated with, among other things, the stimulation of muscle contractions. Norepinephrine is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter and helps return the body to homeostasis after the release of epinephrine (adrenaline). Last, glutamate is a neurotransmitter associated with nearly all (about 90%) synapse connections.
Melanin is a pigment found in the skin and eyes, but also in the brain. It is not to be confused with melatonin, a hormone and neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter associated with, among other things, the stimulation of muscle contractions. Norepinephrine is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter and helps return the body to homeostasis after the release of epinephrine (adrenaline). Last, glutamate is a neurotransmitter associated with nearly all (about 90%) synapse connections.
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One example of a hormone which operates on a positive feedback loop is .
One example of a hormone which operates on a positive feedback loop is .
Oxytocin works on a positive feedback loop because the actions which oxytocin causes also cause more oxytocin to be produced. This can be seen, among other examples, in the contractions of labor.
Oxytocin works on a positive feedback loop because the actions which oxytocin causes also cause more oxytocin to be produced. This can be seen, among other examples, in the contractions of labor.
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What are chromsones made of?
What are chromsones made of?
Chromosomes are complex structures that contain a molecule of DNA and a protein. DNA strands contain genetic information.
Chromosomes are complex structures that contain a molecule of DNA and a protein. DNA strands contain genetic information.
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A patient who sustained damage to her hippocampus would afterwards most likely experience which of the following symptoms?
A patient who sustained damage to her hippocampus would afterwards most likely experience which of the following symptoms?
The hippocampus is a brain structure located in the limbic system, which is associated with memory and emotion. Arguably, its most important role is associated with the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory. Patients with non-functional hippocampi have little to no trouble consulting their long-term memories made before damaging this region; however, they are unable to form new long-term memories.
The hippocampus is a brain structure located in the limbic system, which is associated with memory and emotion. Arguably, its most important role is associated with the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory. Patients with non-functional hippocampi have little to no trouble consulting their long-term memories made before damaging this region; however, they are unable to form new long-term memories.
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Which of the following areas of the brain contains all efferent neurons as well as controls motor actions and speech production?
Which of the following areas of the brain contains all efferent neurons as well as controls motor actions and speech production?
The frontal lobe contains the motor strip and is responsible for speech production. The motor strip is composed of all sending, or efferent neurons. When activated, these neurons contract muscles throughout the body. Speech production occurs in Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe. Speech is produced through muscle actions; therefore, it is also dependent on efferent neurons in the frontal lobe.
The frontal lobe contains the motor strip and is responsible for speech production. The motor strip is composed of all sending, or efferent neurons. When activated, these neurons contract muscles throughout the body. Speech production occurs in Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe. Speech is produced through muscle actions; therefore, it is also dependent on efferent neurons in the frontal lobe.
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Which of the following areas of the brain contains all afferent neurons and possesses areas associated with math, body image, and spatial orientation?
Which of the following areas of the brain contains all afferent neurons and possesses areas associated with math, body image, and spatial orientation?
The parietal lobe contains the input strip and has association areas involved with the following: math, body image, and spatial orientation. The input strip is the opposite of the motor strip located in the frontal lobe. The input strip receives information from sensory neurons from all over the body. The association area for math is located in the left angular gyrus. Association areas for body image and spatial orientation give us awareness of our body in 3D space and enable us to envision 3D space.
The parietal lobe contains the input strip and has association areas involved with the following: math, body image, and spatial orientation. The input strip is the opposite of the motor strip located in the frontal lobe. The input strip receives information from sensory neurons from all over the body. The association area for math is located in the left angular gyrus. Association areas for body image and spatial orientation give us awareness of our body in 3D space and enable us to envision 3D space.
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Areas of the cerebral cortex which are associated neither with primary motor movements nor with sensory input or processing are referred to as .
Areas of the cerebral cortex which are associated neither with primary motor movements nor with sensory input or processing are referred to as .
Association areas, such as Broca's area, are involved in "higher" brain processes such as pattern recognition, speaking, thinking and memory.
Association areas, such as Broca's area, are involved in "higher" brain processes such as pattern recognition, speaking, thinking and memory.
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The is/are a ring-shaped association of different brain structures in the forebrain, commonly associated with emotions and memories.
The is/are a ring-shaped association of different brain structures in the forebrain, commonly associated with emotions and memories.
The limbic system is composed of the septum, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, and amygdala, plus other more minor formations. This system is particularly associated with the formation of memory.
The limbic system is composed of the septum, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, and amygdala, plus other more minor formations. This system is particularly associated with the formation of memory.
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Which of the following best describes how neurotransmitters in the synapse can be deactivated?
Which of the following best describes how neurotransmitters in the synapse can be deactivated?
Reuptake is reabsorption of neurotransmitter into the neuron. Chemically breaking down neurotransmitters makes them nonfunctional.
Reuptake is reabsorption of neurotransmitter into the neuron. Chemically breaking down neurotransmitters makes them nonfunctional.
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Where are neurotransmitters stored in the axon terminal?
Where are neurotransmitters stored in the axon terminal?
Synaptic vesicles are at the end of the presynaptic neuron, and they release neurotransmitter into the synapse. Dendrites are outer branched extensions of a neuron. Synapses are the structures that permit neuron transfer.
Synaptic vesicles are at the end of the presynaptic neuron, and they release neurotransmitter into the synapse. Dendrites are outer branched extensions of a neuron. Synapses are the structures that permit neuron transfer.
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Which area of the brain works to consolidate memories from short-term memory into long-term memory?
Which area of the brain works to consolidate memories from short-term memory into long-term memory?
The "hippocampus," part of the brain's limbic system, plays an important role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. In addition, the hippocampus helps with our spatial navigation.
The "hippocampus," part of the brain's limbic system, plays an important role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. In addition, the hippocampus helps with our spatial navigation.
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What term describes the brain imaging modality that relies on magnetic fields and electrons?
What term describes the brain imaging modality that relies on magnetic fields and electrons?
An MRI is a brain imaging modality that relies on magnetic fields. Strong magnets redirect the electrons within the body to produce an image. MRIs provide useful imaging of the soft tissue structures of the brain, and can be key in finding tumors, bleeding, and other brain abnormalities.
An MRI is a brain imaging modality that relies on magnetic fields. Strong magnets redirect the electrons within the body to produce an image. MRIs provide useful imaging of the soft tissue structures of the brain, and can be key in finding tumors, bleeding, and other brain abnormalities.
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What neurotransmitter triggers muscle contractions?
What neurotransmitter triggers muscle contractions?
Acetylcholine is located at the neuromuscular junction, and it triggers muscle contraction in the body's cells. This neurotransmitter is most frequently found in neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Acetylcholine is located at the neuromuscular junction, and it triggers muscle contraction in the body's cells. This neurotransmitter is most frequently found in neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Which individual is commonly credited with the discovery of the brain structure called the pons?
Which individual is commonly credited with the discovery of the brain structure called the pons?
Varolio, a 16th-century anatomist and lecturer, was likely the first anatomist to study the brain from the bottom upwards, instead of the traditional top-down approach used by anatomists until that time. He also correctly theorized the pons as being vital in communication between the brain and spinal cord.
Varolio, a 16th-century anatomist and lecturer, was likely the first anatomist to study the brain from the bottom upwards, instead of the traditional top-down approach used by anatomists until that time. He also correctly theorized the pons as being vital in communication between the brain and spinal cord.
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Which of these areas of the brain is not located in the limbic system?
Which of these areas of the brain is not located in the limbic system?
The limbic system is primarily located in the forebrain. Key structures of the limbic system include the hypothalamus (which moderates biological needs, such as hunger), hippocampus (which stores long-term memory), and the amygdala (which plays a role in emotional associations). The primary purposes of the limbic system are to store memories, moderate survival behaviors, and generate emotional responses. It plays a key role in biological motivations by determining such responses as hunger, sex drive, and fear.
The medulla oblongata is located in the hindbrain and brain stem. Its key purpose is to facilitate functions of the autonomic nervous system, initiating such things as respiration, heart beat, and blood pressure. It is not considered part of the limbic system.
The limbic system is primarily located in the forebrain. Key structures of the limbic system include the hypothalamus (which moderates biological needs, such as hunger), hippocampus (which stores long-term memory), and the amygdala (which plays a role in emotional associations). The primary purposes of the limbic system are to store memories, moderate survival behaviors, and generate emotional responses. It plays a key role in biological motivations by determining such responses as hunger, sex drive, and fear.
The medulla oblongata is located in the hindbrain and brain stem. Its key purpose is to facilitate functions of the autonomic nervous system, initiating such things as respiration, heart beat, and blood pressure. It is not considered part of the limbic system.
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Damage to the temporal lobe would most likely affect a person's ability to .
Damage to the temporal lobe would most likely affect a person's ability to .
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the brain, located on the sides of the brain behind the temples and ears. This lobe of the cerebrum houses the auditory cortex, which processes sound.
Vision is processed in the occipital lobe, located in the back of the brain. Balance is maintained by a variety of sensorimotor systems in the vestibular system, located in the inner ear. Smell is processed in the olfactory bulb, which is located in the frontal cortex of the brain.
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the brain, located on the sides of the brain behind the temples and ears. This lobe of the cerebrum houses the auditory cortex, which processes sound.
Vision is processed in the occipital lobe, located in the back of the brain. Balance is maintained by a variety of sensorimotor systems in the vestibular system, located in the inner ear. Smell is processed in the olfactory bulb, which is located in the frontal cortex of the brain.
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The feeling of being hungry is sent from what part of the brain?
The feeling of being hungry is sent from what part of the brain?
The ventromedial hypothalamus controls feelings of hunger.
The thalamus relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulates conciousness, sleep, and alertness. The frontal lobe carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, and planning. The brain stem is the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord and controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, as well as basic body functions.
The ventromedial hypothalamus controls feelings of hunger.
The thalamus relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulates conciousness, sleep, and alertness. The frontal lobe carries out higher mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, and planning. The brain stem is the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord and controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, as well as basic body functions.
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Alcohol consumption increases the secretion of which of these neurotransmitters?
I. Glutamate
II. GABA
III. Dopamine
Alcohol consumption increases the secretion of which of these neurotransmitters?
I. Glutamate
II. GABA
III. Dopamine
Alcohol is a depressant that suppresses the secretion of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, while increasing the production of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. At the same time, it increases the release of dopamine to the nucleus accumbens, creating a pleasure sensation.
Alcohol is a depressant that suppresses the secretion of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, while increasing the production of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. At the same time, it increases the release of dopamine to the nucleus accumbens, creating a pleasure sensation.
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What area of the brain is known as the emotional center, and is responsible for emotional reactions such as fear?
What area of the brain is known as the emotional center, and is responsible for emotional reactions such as fear?
The amygdala is an almond-shaped region of the inner brain, or the limbic system. It is responsible for emotional learning and emotional reactions.
The amygdala is an almond-shaped region of the inner brain, or the limbic system. It is responsible for emotional learning and emotional reactions.
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What area of the brain is responsible for motor control and coordination?
What area of the brain is responsible for motor control and coordination?
The cerebellum coordinates movements that are initiated by the motor cortex in the frontal lobe. The cerebellum is commonly associated with balance and and coordination. It is located at the back of the head, below the occipital lobe.
The cerebellum coordinates movements that are initiated by the motor cortex in the frontal lobe. The cerebellum is commonly associated with balance and and coordination. It is located at the back of the head, below the occipital lobe.
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