Population & Migration - AP Human Geography

Populations in Stage I of demographic transition have these features. Stage II features a high birth rate, decreasing death rate, and slowly increasing population growth. Stage III features a decreasing birth rate, low death rate, and rapidly increasing population growth. Stage IV features a low birth rate, low death rate, and a stagnating population. Stage V is hypothetical and features the birth rate dropping below the death rate, causing a very slow population decline.

The demographic transition model primarily equates the rate of population growth with the various levels of economic development around the world. The first phase is “preindustrial” and the fourth phase is “industrial.” This model has been criticized by many demographers and geographers as being too simplistic.

During the Reconstruction era of American history and up to the Civil Rights’ Era many African-Americans migrated North, to industrial centers like New York and Chicago. They were seeking personal liberty and economic opportunity. Much of the urban ethnic makeup of contemporary America is because of this pattern of migration.

For many years, industrial centers in the midwest like Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland were home to booming economies and burgeoning populations; however, as American industry began to decline as a global force in the second half of the twentieth century, there were far fewer jobs available. This led many Americans to migrate south and west in search of greater economic opportunity and better weather. The region they left behind became known as the “Rust Belt” to reflect how the heavy machinery was going to rust due to disuse.

In general, the majority of contemporary human migration is from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa to North America and Europe. The general pattern is north and west.

The crude birth rate (CBR) is an important statistic that describes the number of births per thousand people in a given period of time (usually a year). The average number of children born to a woman during the course of her lifetime is called the total fertility rate (TFR).

The former British colony of Australia has an interesting and somewhat unique early history compared to other British colonies. After the abolition of slave labor in the British Empire, the British began to send convicted criminals to Australia in a forced resettlement. Conditions were harsh for the convicts and their lives often shared many similarities with the lives of slaves. It is worth noting that when the Europeans arrived in Australia they did not find a deserted continent devoid of human life. There, as most everywhere else, they encountered native people (in Australia usually called Aboriginals) and violently suppressed them.

In 2014, Indonesia had the largest Muslim population in the world. With more than 200,000 Muslims residing there, Indonesia was home to more than twelve percent of the world's Muslim population at the time.

The territory that comprises the modern day state of Utah had long been settled by Native Americans when the first white settlers began to arrive in the nineteenth century. The first group to settle in Utah in large numbers was the Mormons, who were fleeing religious persecution in the East of the United States.

In 2013, Mexico was the birthplace of the largest share of the United States of America's foreign born immigrant population, accounting for almost one-fourth of America's total foreign-born population.

This population pyramid would portrays the population of a college town. The large population within the 20 to 30 population group shows the presence of a university. A retirement community would have almost no one under the age of 55. Populations with high birth rates have pyramids with large bases, while populations with low birth rates are shaped like rectangles.

College towns have a higher population of males and females around the age of 20. There will be other age groups living in the town, but most of its population will be centered around that age.

The U.S. Census Bureau conducts a census every 5 years, in years ending in "2" and "7." This census, authorized by Title 13 in the U.S. Code, requires participation of all state and local governments in the United States. The first national census occurred in 1957.

The geographic term “ecumene” is used to describe land that is permanently populated by human society. It can also refer to industrial and agricultural land that is permanently used to sustain the human population.

More than three-quarters of the world’s population lives in the developing world. The term “developing world” is generally used to refer to countries that do not have highly modernized and industrial economies.

The vast majority of population growth is taking place in the developing world. In recent years, more than ninety percent of population growth can be accounted for by countries in the developing world. These countries continue to grow to represent a larger and larger share of the world’s population.

Apart from Sub-Saharan Africa, all of the listed regions are considered to be some of the most densely populated on Earth. The Indian subcontinent (which generally includes Bangladesh), East Asia (which includes Eastern China and Japan), Western Europe (which includes the Netherlands and the United Kingdom), and the East Coast of the United States (which includes New York City, Philadelphia, Miami, and Washington D.C.) are the four regions of the world that are the most densely populated. South-Eastern Brazil and South-East Asia could also be added to this list.

More than half of the world’s seven billion people live in Asia. The next highest continent is Africa, with a little over a billion people. Approximately seven hundred million people live in Europe; four hundred million in South America; five hundred million in North America.

Crude birth rate (CBR) is the number of live births per year for every 1,000 people alive. When the crude death rate (CDR) is subtracted from the crude birth rate (CBR), you can determine an area's rate of natural increase. A higher CBR indicates population growth in an area, while a higher CDR indicates population decline.