Public Policy - AP Government and Politics

The Department of Education is the most recently created of these executive departments. It was created in 1979 and is primarily tasked with administering federal aid to universities and schools. The other departments were created in the following years: 1849—Interior; 1889—Agriculture; 1913—Labor; 1967—Transportation.

The Drago Doctrine was announced by Argentina in response to European nations' aggressive debt-collecting actions during the 1902 Venezuela Debt Crisis. It declared that European nations were not allowed to coerce Latin American nations into paying their debts. Roosevelt rejected this Doctrine, and added the Roosevelt Corollary instead, allowing American intervention in countries that couldn't properly conduct their own affairs.

Gunboat diplomacy is most commonly associated with Theodore Roosevelt's aggressive foreign policy. Today, gunboat diplomacy is often used via naval and air deployments to troublesome areas (such as the Strait of Hormuz) to showcase the strength of the American military.

"Big Stick" Diplomacy refers to Teddy Roosevelt, the American president most commonly associated with aggressive shows of strength. Roosevelt argued that a good leader should speak softly, and carry a big stick. The big stick referring to the coercive strength needed to backup threats and diplomatic appearances.

Dollar Diplomacy concerns promising loans and other lucrative economic opportunities to countries to improve diplomatic relations, most commonly associated with William Howard Taft's presidency. Taft's Dollar Diplomacy used incentives, rather than punishments to achieve its goals.

The Carrot and Stick approach involves offering a carrot (positive incentive for good behavior/improved relations), and striking with a stick (negative punishment for bad behavior). The US often used this method in Southeast Asia and the Philippines.

Woodrow Wilson is associated with "moral diplomacy," due to his passionate pursuit of humanitarian policies abroad. Woodrow Wilson accomplished much in his pursuit of a greater global good, winning over countries in agreements many foreign policy experts thought impossible.

While the League of Nations was designed for many purposes, it was a dream of Woodrow Wilson for the purpose of ensuring global peace and humanitarianism. These goals were the foundation of the League of Nations, and a clear example of moral diplomacy.

Dwight D. Eisenhower warned against the dangers of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech given on January 17, 1961. Eisenhower's critique of the military-industrial is considered particularly resonant, and informed, since he was, prior to his political career, a five-star general and the supreme commander of the Allied forces during the invasion of Nazi Europe.

An unfunded mandate is a federal government ruling that requires state or local governments to carry out some action, procedure, or other piece of legislation, but does not actually provide any federal money in order to help the state or local government do so.

Isolationism was a foreign policy that was dominant in the American political arena throughout the majority of the nineteenth century. It argues that the United States will not get involved in foreign conflicts and will try to remain isolated on the international stage.

Appeasement is the term given to making concessions to a political or military rival in order to prevent said rival from doing something even worse. It has long been a controversial form of making policy and is most notable in US History for America’s reaction to the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931.

Throughout the initial decades of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union continued to acquire more and more nuclear weapons until each nation possessed the capacity to destroy the planet many times over. In an attempt to mitigate this massive threat to humanity, the two superpowers signed a treaty in 1972 designed to reduce the stockpile of nuclear weapons possessed by both nations. This took place during the presidency of Richard Nixon.

George Washington was particularly concerned about entering long-term alliances with foreign nations, fearing it would draw America into unnecessary conflicts. His fear of political factions warring over the government was a common fear among the founders, best expressed by Madison's Federalist No. 10.

The Monroe Doctrine was coined by President James Monroe in 1823 in an attempt to warn European nations against aggressive actions in the Western Hemisphere. The goal was to strengthen the foreign policy of the United States and to become a real world power.

The Monroe Doctrine was introduced by James Monroe in 1823, the fifth president of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt expanded upon the doctrine during his presidency, but did not introduce the original doctrine. James Munroe is also notable because he was the last Founding Father to be President.

The idea of getting involved in foreign conflicts was incredibly unpopular in America, and the isolationist politicians in Congress tried to keep America out of both of the World Wars as long as possible before the United States eventually entered both of the wars late.

While the Monroe Doctrine is named after James Monroe, this was simply because James Monroe was president at the time. The author of the doctrine was the Secretary of State at the time, John Quincy Adams. Monroe was the Secretary of State before Adams.

The Roosevelt Corollary was made in the interest of intervention. While the original Monroe Doctrine was made solely to warn European nations away from the Western Hemisphere, the Roosevelt Corollary was made to name the United States as the policemen of the Americas.