Galvanic (Voltai) and Elecrolytic Cells

Reduction always takes place at the cathode. This means that a substance is receiving electrons.

In the reaction, the gold ions are receiving electrons in order to create gold atoms. This takes place at the cathode.

Copper ions and gold are products, and will not be oxidized or reduced. Copper is reduced at the anode during this reaction.

Oxidation takes place at the anode and reduction takes place at the cathode. You can remember this with the pneumonic "An Ox, Red Cat."

In the equation, zinc loses electrons. It goes from a neutral, elemental charge to a charge of . Since electrons are negative, a loss of electrons will cause an increase in charge. Because zinc loses electrons, it is oxidized. This will take place at the anode.

It does not matter if the cell is galvanic or electrolytic; oxidation will always take place at the anode. This means that the nickel loses two electrons and is oxidized at the anode to generate nickel ions.

Nickel ions and iron are products, and are neither oxidized nor reduced during the reaction. Iron ions are reduced at the cathode to generate the iron product.

Reduction always occurs at the cathode, and oxidation always occurs at the anode. Since reduction is the addition of electrons, electrons must travel toward the site of reduction.

In an electrolytic cell the negative charge is on the cathode, while the positive charge is on the anode. Since an electrolytic cell requires energy to perpetuate the reaction, we are pushing the electrons against their potential gradient. The electrons, which are negatively charged, are traveling towards the cathode, which is also negatively charged.

In a galvanic cell, the electrons will flow from the anode to the cathode; however, current travels in the opposite direction of the electrons by convention. In chemical cells, current is defined by the direction in which protons would flow. As a result, current flows from the cathode to the anode.

Keep in mind that reduction occurs at the cathode and oxidation occurs at the anode. Electrons are thus constantly moving from the anode to the cathode. Since the current will be opposite to the flow of electrons, we can conclude that it must flow from cathode to anode.

Reduction always occurs at the cathode, and oxidation always occurs at the anode. Since reduction is the addition of electrons, the electrons must flow toward the site of reduction.

In a galvanic cell the positive charge is on the cathode, while the negative charge is on the anode. Since a galvanic cell has a positive potential and is spontaneous, electrons freely flow down their potential gradient. The electrons, which are negatively charged, are traveling towards the cathode, which is positive charged, since opposites attract.

Electrolytic cells use non-spontaneous reactions that require an external power source in order to proceed. The values between galvanic and electrolytic cells are opposite of one another. Galvanic cells have positive voltage potentials, while electrolytic voltage potentials are negative. Both types of cell, however, have oxidation occur at the cathode and reduction occur at the anode.