Understand structure and importance of ATP
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AP Biology › Understand structure and importance of ATP
Which is not part of an ATP molecule?
alpha phosphate, beta phosphate, and gamma phosphate groups
ribose sugar
adenine
threonine
Explanation
ATP consists of 3 phosphate groups, a ribose sugar, and adenine.
Which is NOT a reason that the phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP are high energy?
Repulsion of positively charged phosphate and negatively charged oxygen
Resonance stabilization of products of ATP hydrolysis
Entropy is increased when bonds are broken
Large mass of phosphate provides significant energy when combusted
Explanation
The phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP, or the bonds between phosphate molecules, are high energy. This is due to the close proximity of positively charged phosphate and negatively charged oxygen; these charges repel. Also, there is resonance stabilization of the products of ATP hydrolysis (ADP and Pi); thus ADP is more stable than ATP. Additionally, entropy is increased when ATP is hydrolyzed; the second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system always increases.
What is the primary energy currency for cells?
oxygen
GTP
ATP
carbohydrate
Explanation
ATP is the primary energy currency for cells. The phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP, or the bonds between phosphate molecules, are high energy. This is due to the close proximity of positively charged phosphate and negatively charged oxygen; these charges repel. Also, there is resonance stabilization of the products of ATP hydrolysis (ADP and Pi); thus ADP is more stable than ATP. Carbohydrates are broken down during glycolysis to produce ATP.
Which is true of an ATP molecule?
When hydrolyzed, delta G> 0
It is unstable
It is used for long-term energy storage
When hydrolyzed, a phosphoanhydride bond is formed
Explanation
ATP is unstable; there is close proximity of positively charged phosphate and negatively charged oxygen; these charges repel. When hydrolyzed, delta G is <0 (exergonic). ATP is not used for long term-energy storage, as it is unstable. When hydrolyzed, a phosphoanhydride bond is broken.
Which is true of ADP
It contains 2 phosphate groups
ATP is produced when ADP is broken down
It contains more energy than ATP
It contains 3 phosphate groups
Explanation
When ATP is hydrolyzed and a phosphoanhydride bond is broken, ADP and a phosphate are the products. ADP then has 2 phosphate groups.
Which cellular process produces ATP?
DNA synthesis
Cellular respiration
Na+/K+ pump
mitosis
Explanation
Cellular respiration is the process through which ATP is produced through the oxidation of glucose.