Apply 3 laws of inheritance to meiosis
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AP Biology › Apply 3 laws of inheritance to meiosis
In a dihybrid cross of seed color and seed shape, Y (yellow) is dominant to y (green) and R (rounded) is dominant to r (wrinkled). An individual with genotype YyRr is crossed with an individual with genotype YYRr. The inheritance of the alleles for seed color does not affect inheritance of genes for seed shape. Which law supports this statement?
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment
Law of random mating
Law of dominance
Explanation
The law of independent assortment states that inheritance of one gene does not influence inheritance of another gene. Thus, inheritance of seed color does not affect the inheritance of seed shape.
Which is not true during meiosis?
Each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent
Each gamete receives a random number of alleles for each gene from each parent
Each gamete receives two alleles for each gene from each parent
Each gamete receives two alleles for each gene from only one parent
Explanation
According to the Law of Segregation, each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent. During Meiosis, each parent’s two copies of each allele are separated from each other, then the gamete receives one copy of each allele from each parent (for a total of two alleles).
Which law of inheritance is incorrectly matched to its explanation?
Law of segregation; each gamete receives only one copy of each gene from its parent
Law of dominance; in a heterozygote individual, only the dominant allele will influence the phenotype
Law of independent assortment; inheritance of one gene does not influence inheritance of another gene
Law of segregation; each gamete receives both copies of gene from its parent
Explanation
The laws of inheritance include the laws of segregation (each gamete receives only one copy of each gene from its parent), dominance (in a heterozygote individual, only the dominant allele will influence the phenotype), and independent assortment (inheritance of one gene does not influence inheritance of another gene)
The law of independent assortment states that ______________________.
genes that are further apart will be less likely to be inherited together
genes that are on the same chromosome are inherited together
each gamete receives one allele for each gene from each parent
inheritance of a specific gene is not influenced by other genes
Explanation
This is the definition of the law of independent assortment; during meiosis, the inheritance of one gene does not influence whether another, separate gene will also be inherited by that gamete.
According to Mendel’s Law of Dominance, the phenotype of a heterozygote will be ______________________ .
determined by the dominant allele
determined by the recessive allele
a mixture of the phenotypes of both parents
determined by the mother’s genotype
Explanation
According to the Law of Dominance, each individual has two alleles for each trait and only the dominant allele contributes to the phenotype.
During what process do homologous chromosomes segregate into different gametes?
DNA synthesis
DNA replication
Meiosis
Cytokinesis
Explanation
According to the Law of Segregation, during Meiosis, homologous chromosomes segregate into different gametes.