Understanding Heart Anatomy - AP Biology
Card 1 of 308
In order to pump blood efficiently, cardiac muscle cells on both the left and the right side of the heart must be stimulated simultaneously. Which of the following cellular junctions is credited with allowing cardiac muscle cells to pump simultaneously?
In order to pump blood efficiently, cardiac muscle cells on both the left and the right side of the heart must be stimulated simultaneously. Which of the following cellular junctions is credited with allowing cardiac muscle cells to pump simultaneously?
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Gap junctions allow the same action potential to be experienced by multiple neighboring cardiac muscle cells via electrical synapses. This simultaneous electrical stimulus allows for a more unified and powerful contraction by the heart.
Intercalated discs, a unique structure to cardiac muscle, also play a key role in synchronizing contraction.
Gap junctions allow the same action potential to be experienced by multiple neighboring cardiac muscle cells via electrical synapses. This simultaneous electrical stimulus allows for a more unified and powerful contraction by the heart.
Intercalated discs, a unique structure to cardiac muscle, also play a key role in synchronizing contraction.
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Which heart chamber would you expect to have the thickest myocardial wall?
Which heart chamber would you expect to have the thickest myocardial wall?
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The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to all body tissues. Because it needs to pump blood a farther distance than the right ventricle (which pumps blood to the lungs), it requires a thicker myocardial wall. This provides it with a more powerful contraction in order to send blood throughout the body. The left ventriclar wall is approximately three times thicker than the right ventricular wall.
The atria generally have the thinnest myocardium, as they are only responsible for receiving blood and transferring it to the ventricles.
The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to all body tissues. Because it needs to pump blood a farther distance than the right ventricle (which pumps blood to the lungs), it requires a thicker myocardial wall. This provides it with a more powerful contraction in order to send blood throughout the body. The left ventriclar wall is approximately three times thicker than the right ventricular wall.
The atria generally have the thinnest myocardium, as they are only responsible for receiving blood and transferring it to the ventricles.
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Placing a blood sample in a centrifuge will cause the blood to separate into three distinct sections. What is the order of the three sections from the top of the tube to the bottom?
Placing a blood sample in a centrifuge will cause the blood to separate into three distinct sections. What is the order of the three sections from the top of the tube to the bottom?
Tap to reveal answer
A centrifuge will organize a solution into distinct sections, separating them based on their density. The least dense sections will rise to the top, while the most dense compounds will settle at the bottom. Plasma is the least dense section, so it will rise to the top section in the tube. It will be followed by the buffy coat, and the dense red blood cells will settle at the bottom of the tube.
Plasma is composed mostly of water and proteins. The buffy coat contains most white blood cells and platelets.
A centrifuge will organize a solution into distinct sections, separating them based on their density. The least dense sections will rise to the top, while the most dense compounds will settle at the bottom. Plasma is the least dense section, so it will rise to the top section in the tube. It will be followed by the buffy coat, and the dense red blood cells will settle at the bottom of the tube.
Plasma is composed mostly of water and proteins. The buffy coat contains most white blood cells and platelets.
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Which of the following structures connects the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulatory systems?
Which of the following structures connects the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulatory systems?
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The foramen ovale is needed to shunt blood away from the lungs, which are still developing in the fetus. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, while the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The pulmonic semilunar valve is used in developed circulatory systems between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
The foramen ovale is needed to shunt blood away from the lungs, which are still developing in the fetus. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, while the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The pulmonic semilunar valve is used in developed circulatory systems between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
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Immediately after leaving the right ventricle, blood enters which structure of the circulatory system?
Immediately after leaving the right ventricle, blood enters which structure of the circulatory system?
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When blood enters the heart from systemic circulation, it is first collected in the right atrium. It then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. To understand where the blood travels next, we must remember that this blood is deoxygenated after its passage through the body; it must pass to the lungs for oxygenation. It does so by entering the pulmonary arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins later return the oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
When blood enters the heart from systemic circulation, it is first collected in the right atrium. It then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. To understand where the blood travels next, we must remember that this blood is deoxygenated after its passage through the body; it must pass to the lungs for oxygenation. It does so by entering the pulmonary arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins later return the oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
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What is the function of heart valves?
What is the function of heart valves?
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The major function of heart valves between the chambers of the heart is to restrict blood flow to one direction. This unidirectional flow prevents backflow and mixing of blood between chambers. This allows blood to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the peripheral tissues, return carbon dioxide to the lungs, become reoxygenated in the lungs, and maintain the circulatory system cycle without traveling backward at any point in the process. The patterns of valve opening and closing ensure that the contraction of a chamber will only expel blood in one direction, rather than allowing it to exit from both opening in the chamber.
The amount of pumped blood, also known as cardiac output, is controlled by the strength and rate of heart contractions. Since the heart valves are not constructed from muscle, they are unable to contract and propel blood. The valves are passive structures composed of connective tissue.
The major function of heart valves between the chambers of the heart is to restrict blood flow to one direction. This unidirectional flow prevents backflow and mixing of blood between chambers. This allows blood to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the peripheral tissues, return carbon dioxide to the lungs, become reoxygenated in the lungs, and maintain the circulatory system cycle without traveling backward at any point in the process. The patterns of valve opening and closing ensure that the contraction of a chamber will only expel blood in one direction, rather than allowing it to exit from both opening in the chamber.
The amount of pumped blood, also known as cardiac output, is controlled by the strength and rate of heart contractions. Since the heart valves are not constructed from muscle, they are unable to contract and propel blood. The valves are passive structures composed of connective tissue.
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What is the name of the valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle?
What is the name of the valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle?
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The atria and ventricles of the heart are separated by two valves, one on each side of the heart. The left atrium and left ventricle is separated by the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The right atrium and right ventricle is separated by the tricuspid valve, named for its three flaps that work together to form the valve.
The semilunar valves separate the aorta from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle. They are commonly called the "aortic valve" and "pulmonary valve."
The atria and ventricles of the heart are separated by two valves, one on each side of the heart. The left atrium and left ventricle is separated by the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The right atrium and right ventricle is separated by the tricuspid valve, named for its three flaps that work together to form the valve.
The semilunar valves separate the aorta from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle. They are commonly called the "aortic valve" and "pulmonary valve."
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When you listen to a beating heart, you will notice two sounds (“lub” and “dub”). The first sound (“lub”) is when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. The second sound (“dub”) is due to the closing of the pulmonary and the aortic valves at the same time.
In some heart conditions, one might hear an extra sound between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds. Which of the following choices is the most plausible explanation for the extra sound?
When you listen to a beating heart, you will notice two sounds (“lub” and “dub”). The first sound (“lub”) is when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. The second sound (“dub”) is due to the closing of the pulmonary and the aortic valves at the same time.
In some heart conditions, one might hear an extra sound between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds. Which of the following choices is the most plausible explanation for the extra sound?
Tap to reveal answer
The first sound (“lub”) occurs when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close. The second sound (“dub”) occurs when the pulmonary and the aortic valves close. The mitral and tricuspid valves close after both the left and the right atrias have contracted and have released blood into the ventricles. Transitioning towards the second heart sound, the ventricles contract and release blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems. If an extra noise is heard between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds, then it meant that while the ventricle is contracting, some blood is being pushed back into the atria(s) because the tricuspid valve and/or the mitral valve(s) did not completely close, resulting in regurgitation.
The first sound (“lub”) occurs when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close. The second sound (“dub”) occurs when the pulmonary and the aortic valves close. The mitral and tricuspid valves close after both the left and the right atrias have contracted and have released blood into the ventricles. Transitioning towards the second heart sound, the ventricles contract and release blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems. If an extra noise is heard between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds, then it meant that while the ventricle is contracting, some blood is being pushed back into the atria(s) because the tricuspid valve and/or the mitral valve(s) did not completely close, resulting in regurgitation.
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When you listen to a beating heart, you will notice two sounds (“lub” and “dub”). The first sound (“lub”) is when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. The second sound (“dub”) is due to the closing of the pulmonary and the aortic valves at the same time. In some heart conditions, one might hear an extra sound between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds.
In some heart conditions, one might hear a split sound during the “lub.” Which of the following choices is the most plausible explanation for the extra sound?
When you listen to a beating heart, you will notice two sounds (“lub” and “dub”). The first sound (“lub”) is when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. The second sound (“dub”) is due to the closing of the pulmonary and the aortic valves at the same time. In some heart conditions, one might hear an extra sound between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds.
In some heart conditions, one might hear a split sound during the “lub.” Which of the following choices is the most plausible explanation for the extra sound?
Tap to reveal answer
The "lub" heart sound occurs when both the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. If one hears a split sound, then it indicates that one of the two valves closed late.
The "lub" heart sound occurs when both the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. If one hears a split sound, then it indicates that one of the two valves closed late.
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When you listen to a beating heart, you will notice two sounds (“lub” and “dub”). The first sound (“lub”) is when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. The second sound (“dub”) is due to the closing of the pulmonary and the aortic valves at the same time. In some heart conditions, one might hear an extra sound between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds.
In some heart conditions, one might hear a splitting sound during the “dub” sound. Which of the following choices is the most plausible explanation for the extra sound?
When you listen to a beating heart, you will notice two sounds (“lub” and “dub”). The first sound (“lub”) is when the mitral and the tricuspid valves close at the same time. The second sound (“dub”) is due to the closing of the pulmonary and the aortic valves at the same time. In some heart conditions, one might hear an extra sound between the “lub” and the “dub” sounds.
In some heart conditions, one might hear a splitting sound during the “dub” sound. Which of the following choices is the most plausible explanation for the extra sound?
Tap to reveal answer
The “dub” sound occurs when both the aortic and the pulmonary valves close at the same time. When one closes later than the other, then the valve that closed late will create a splitting sound; therefore, creating an extra sound close to the first sound.
The “dub” sound occurs when both the aortic and the pulmonary valves close at the same time. When one closes later than the other, then the valve that closed late will create a splitting sound; therefore, creating an extra sound close to the first sound.
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Which structure of the adult human heart receives blood directly from the pulmonary circulation?
Which structure of the adult human heart receives blood directly from the pulmonary circulation?
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The pulmonary circulation carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. From there it enters the left ventricle, then it is pumped out through the aorta to serve organs of the body.
The pulmonary circulation carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. From there it enters the left ventricle, then it is pumped out through the aorta to serve organs of the body.
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Which of the following statements about adult human heart anatomy are false?
Which of the following statements about adult human heart anatomy are false?
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The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary circulation, not oxygen-rich blood. This blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and reaches the lungs. All other answer choices are true statements.
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary circulation, not oxygen-rich blood. This blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and reaches the lungs. All other answer choices are true statements.
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The migration of cells is necessary for proper development during fetal life. At around the third week of fetal development, hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the yolk sac as well as in the mesoderm of the aorta, the gonads and in the mesonephros. At around the 3rd month, these stem cells migrate to the liver with some to the spleen and the lymph node. At around the 4thmonth, these cells then migrate to the bone marrow.
When taking a cross section of a bone, one will notice that some bone marrows are red while others are fat. Yellow bone marrows are inactive stem cells with the majority being fat cells. Active bone marrows are red. At birth, all of the bone marrows are red. At around the time of puberty, most are red but the amount decreases to 50% at around 18-25 years of age. Despite the change in bone marrow activity, membranous bones and of the arms of and legs remain active throughout life. However, the activity can be changed during pathological conditions.
Which scenario(s) will result in the activation of inactive bone marrows?
I. An injury resulting in minor bleeding of the pinky
II. An injury resulting in a rupture of the abdominal aorta
III. A paper cut of the 4th phalange
The migration of cells is necessary for proper development during fetal life. At around the third week of fetal development, hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the yolk sac as well as in the mesoderm of the aorta, the gonads and in the mesonephros. At around the 3rd month, these stem cells migrate to the liver with some to the spleen and the lymph node. At around the 4thmonth, these cells then migrate to the bone marrow.
When taking a cross section of a bone, one will notice that some bone marrows are red while others are fat. Yellow bone marrows are inactive stem cells with the majority being fat cells. Active bone marrows are red. At birth, all of the bone marrows are red. At around the time of puberty, most are red but the amount decreases to 50% at around 18-25 years of age. Despite the change in bone marrow activity, membranous bones and of the arms of and legs remain active throughout life. However, the activity can be changed during pathological conditions.
Which scenario(s) will result in the activation of inactive bone marrows?
I. An injury resulting in minor bleeding of the pinky
II. An injury resulting in a rupture of the abdominal aorta
III. A paper cut of the 4th phalange
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The activation of inactive bone marrows occur when the increase production of red blood cells is required. An major injury that result massive bleeding will reactive inactive bone marrows. Of the answer choices, a rupture of the abdominal aorta will result in massive internal bleeding.
The activation of inactive bone marrows occur when the increase production of red blood cells is required. An major injury that result massive bleeding will reactive inactive bone marrows. Of the answer choices, a rupture of the abdominal aorta will result in massive internal bleeding.
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In the heart, blood is oxygen-rich in the , and oxygen-poor in the .
In the heart, blood is oxygen-rich in the , and oxygen-poor in the .
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Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and pumped through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart. The blood is then pumped to the left ventricle, which pumps the oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. The oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart by entering the right atrium, and remains oxygen poor as it is pumped into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary arteries until it is oxygenated again in the lungs.
Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and pumped through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium of the heart. The blood is then pumped to the left ventricle, which pumps the oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. The oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart by entering the right atrium, and remains oxygen poor as it is pumped into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary arteries until it is oxygenated again in the lungs.
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Immediately after leaving the right ventricle, blood enters which structure of the circulatory system?
Immediately after leaving the right ventricle, blood enters which structure of the circulatory system?
Tap to reveal answer
When blood enters the heart from systemic circulation, it is first collected in the right atrium. It then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. To understand where the blood travels next, we must remember that this blood is deoxygenated after its passage through the body; it must pass to the lungs for oxygenation. It does so by entering the pulmonary arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins later return the oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
When blood enters the heart from systemic circulation, it is first collected in the right atrium. It then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. To understand where the blood travels next, we must remember that this blood is deoxygenated after its passage through the body; it must pass to the lungs for oxygenation. It does so by entering the pulmonary arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins later return the oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart.
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In order to pump blood efficiently, cardiac muscle cells on both the left and the right side of the heart must be stimulated simultaneously. Which of the following cellular junctions is credited with allowing cardiac muscle cells to pump simultaneously?
In order to pump blood efficiently, cardiac muscle cells on both the left and the right side of the heart must be stimulated simultaneously. Which of the following cellular junctions is credited with allowing cardiac muscle cells to pump simultaneously?
Tap to reveal answer
Gap junctions allow the same action potential to be experienced by multiple neighboring cardiac muscle cells via electrical synapses. This simultaneous electrical stimulus allows for a more unified and powerful contraction by the heart.
Intercalated discs, a unique structure to cardiac muscle, also play a key role in synchronizing contraction.
Gap junctions allow the same action potential to be experienced by multiple neighboring cardiac muscle cells via electrical synapses. This simultaneous electrical stimulus allows for a more unified and powerful contraction by the heart.
Intercalated discs, a unique structure to cardiac muscle, also play a key role in synchronizing contraction.
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Which heart chamber would you expect to have the thickest myocardial wall?
Which heart chamber would you expect to have the thickest myocardial wall?
Tap to reveal answer
The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to all body tissues. Because it needs to pump blood a farther distance than the right ventricle (which pumps blood to the lungs), it requires a thicker myocardial wall. This provides it with a more powerful contraction in order to send blood throughout the body. The left ventriclar wall is approximately three times thicker than the right ventricular wall.
The atria generally have the thinnest myocardium, as they are only responsible for receiving blood and transferring it to the ventricles.
The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to all body tissues. Because it needs to pump blood a farther distance than the right ventricle (which pumps blood to the lungs), it requires a thicker myocardial wall. This provides it with a more powerful contraction in order to send blood throughout the body. The left ventriclar wall is approximately three times thicker than the right ventricular wall.
The atria generally have the thinnest myocardium, as they are only responsible for receiving blood and transferring it to the ventricles.
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Placing a blood sample in a centrifuge will cause the blood to separate into three distinct sections. What is the order of the three sections from the top of the tube to the bottom?
Placing a blood sample in a centrifuge will cause the blood to separate into three distinct sections. What is the order of the three sections from the top of the tube to the bottom?
Tap to reveal answer
A centrifuge will organize a solution into distinct sections, separating them based on their density. The least dense sections will rise to the top, while the most dense compounds will settle at the bottom. Plasma is the least dense section, so it will rise to the top section in the tube. It will be followed by the buffy coat, and the dense red blood cells will settle at the bottom of the tube.
Plasma is composed mostly of water and proteins. The buffy coat contains most white blood cells and platelets.
A centrifuge will organize a solution into distinct sections, separating them based on their density. The least dense sections will rise to the top, while the most dense compounds will settle at the bottom. Plasma is the least dense section, so it will rise to the top section in the tube. It will be followed by the buffy coat, and the dense red blood cells will settle at the bottom of the tube.
Plasma is composed mostly of water and proteins. The buffy coat contains most white blood cells and platelets.
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Which of the following structures connects the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulatory systems?
Which of the following structures connects the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulatory systems?
Tap to reveal answer
The foramen ovale is needed to shunt blood away from the lungs, which are still developing in the fetus. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, while the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The pulmonic semilunar valve is used in developed circulatory systems between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
The foramen ovale is needed to shunt blood away from the lungs, which are still developing in the fetus. The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, while the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. The pulmonic semilunar valve is used in developed circulatory systems between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
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What is the function of heart valves?
What is the function of heart valves?
Tap to reveal answer
The major function of heart valves between the chambers of the heart is to restrict blood flow to one direction. This unidirectional flow prevents backflow and mixing of blood between chambers. This allows blood to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the peripheral tissues, return carbon dioxide to the lungs, become reoxygenated in the lungs, and maintain the circulatory system cycle without traveling backward at any point in the process. The patterns of valve opening and closing ensure that the contraction of a chamber will only expel blood in one direction, rather than allowing it to exit from both opening in the chamber.
The amount of pumped blood, also known as cardiac output, is controlled by the strength and rate of heart contractions. Since the heart valves are not constructed from muscle, they are unable to contract and propel blood. The valves are passive structures composed of connective tissue.
The major function of heart valves between the chambers of the heart is to restrict blood flow to one direction. This unidirectional flow prevents backflow and mixing of blood between chambers. This allows blood to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the peripheral tissues, return carbon dioxide to the lungs, become reoxygenated in the lungs, and maintain the circulatory system cycle without traveling backward at any point in the process. The patterns of valve opening and closing ensure that the contraction of a chamber will only expel blood in one direction, rather than allowing it to exit from both opening in the chamber.
The amount of pumped blood, also known as cardiac output, is controlled by the strength and rate of heart contractions. Since the heart valves are not constructed from muscle, they are unable to contract and propel blood. The valves are passive structures composed of connective tissue.
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