Twentieth and Twenty-First-Century 2D Art - AP Art History

Robert Rauschenberg was a painter who helped presage the Pop Art movement when he first entered the art scene in the 1950s. His particular genre, which he called "combines," mixed Abstract Expressionist painting with found object art and photography to create paintings with sculptural elements coming out of them. These combines' use of commercial art and images from popular culture became cornerstones of the Pop Art aesthetic.

Pop Art was a twentieth-century art movement defined by the way it repurposed and engaged with everyday, common forms of art, like advertisements and comic books. The other answer describes elements of cubism (viewing three-dimensional shapes from different perspectives at once).

The Dada school developed during the last years of World War I. Duchamp acted as a major contributor to the Dada school, and his work Fountain was one of the movement's best-known and most controversial works of art.

Piet Mondrian was a Dutch artist who belonged to the artistic movement known as De Stijl ("The Style" in Dutch.) The principles of De Stijl were to reduce artistic forms to their simplest, most functional forms. Mondrian's specific form, which he developed in Paris between the World Wars and called "Neo-plasticism," featured mostly white canvases, which were bisected at various parts by perpendicular black lines and had fields of color only in the three primary colors.

Salvador Dali's works were defined by realistic-looking objects placed in strange landscapes and weird positions. All of these are hallmarks of surrealism, which was influenced by the burgeoning field of psychotherapy, and drew on dreamlike imagery and situations. Dali helped pioneer surrealism, and remains one of its best-known artists.

"Fauvism" is so named because the term "fauve," or "wild beast," was attributed to certain artists exhibiting at the 1905 Salon d'Automne. Their lack of realism, especially in the use of nonrepresentational colors, led to severe criticism of their work. Their movement was named after this insulting nickname.

Matisse wanted color to reflect feelings, and so used "nonrepresentational colors." He and the Fauves freed color from realistic representation of the subject. All the others are more traditional and realistic in their use of color.

Winslow Homer, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugène Delacroix are known as impressionist painters. Frank Weston Benson is known for realistic paintings, American impressionism, watercolors and etchings. Someone familiar with the works of Pablo Picasso and the specific style that Cubism entails should be able to deduce that Pablo Picasso, of the choices given, is known as the father of Cubism.

Dali is the only Spanish Surrealist artist in this list. Though Goya created many dream-like paintings in his Black Period, it does not fit the century specified, and Giorgio de Chirico is of Italian decent.

This painting is in the cubist style, which can be detected in the use of disjoint geometric shapes that depict the subject from multiple angles at the same time. Since Cubism is an exclusively 20th century movement, that's what the answer must be.

Image is in the public domain, accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1913\_Popova\_Das\_Modell\_anagoria.JPG

This is a self-portrait of Van Gogh. You can recognize his characteristic large brush strokes and post-impressionist aesthetic.

Image is in the public domain, accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent\_van\_Gogh#/media/File:Vincent\_van\_Gogh\_-\_Self-Portrait\_-\_Google\_Art\_Project\_(719161).jpg

Grant Wood lived almost his entire life in the state of Iowa, teaching at schools and supporting organizations in the state. His painting reflected this attachment to his native region, and were articulated by Wood, along with Thomas Hart Benton, into an artistic style known as "regionalism." Wood's most famous work "American Gothic," featuring a farming couple in an honest, empathetic, yet slightly off perspective, is emblematic of the style.

The abstract expressionists were a group of artists in post-World War II New York City who created large canvases of abstract forms with a focus on emotional elements. The artists actually used a variety of styles and approaches, from Jackson Pollack's drip paintings to the figural shapes of Willem de Kooning and Paul Klee and the color forms of Clyfford Still and Mark Rothko. The use of abstract painting was a profound departure in American art, in particular from the significant realism of artists such as Edward Hopper.

Roy Lichtenstein became famous in the 1960s through a series of large canvasses that were directly copied from comic books. Using comic book images as inspiration, Lichtenstein also applied a technique known as Ben-Day Dots, the stenciling of small dots that colored comic books in the era. Lichtenstein would continue to use the technique in his later career, when he was no longer directly adapting images from comic books.

Marcel Duchamp was a member of the global Dada movement, a school of artists from Zurich, Paris, Cologne, Berlin, and New York between 1916 and 1925. Kahlo, Ernst, and Miró were all members of the Surrealist movement, which occurred during the same era and employed a mixture of psychoanalysis, mysticism, and symbolism to reveal unconscious thoughts.

"Provenance" is exclusive to art, whereas "ancestry" applies to people and "record" is less specific; provenance is essential to prove the legitimacy and authenticity of both modern and older paintings. (This question is not limited to the scope of twentieth and twenty-first century art, but has arguably become more important in this period.)

Art Nouveau was an art style that surged to popularity in Europe and the US during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its forms and figures could be described as natural, organic, or flowing. Its general style was a very different from the bold, geometrical shapes of its successor, the Art Deco style.

Wassily Kandinsky was the most influential expressionist of the early twentieth century. Kandinsky's style, which was dominated by abstract forms, expressive lines, and flowing brushstrokes, would prove to be immensely popular among fellow artists, while his theoretical writing, which connected art to music, also proved influential. Kandinsky had to flee both the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Nazis in the 1930s because of his controversial artwork.

Andy Warhol's 1962 series Campbell's Soup Cans was 32 separate screen-printed paintings of cans of Campbell's soup, each one depicting one of the different varieties Campbell offered at the time. The work featured many of Warhol's hallmarks, including screen-printing, repetition, and the use of commercial imagery. The work was Warhol's first well known piece, and helped launch his career, which would see him as a painter, filmmaker, art theorist, and screen-printer.