Organs - Anatomy

The great saphenous vein is responsible for draining the blood from the legs. The femoral artery supplies blood to the legs. The inferior vena cava returns blood from the legs and abdomen to the heart. The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, where it becomes oxygenated.

For this question we are looking for arteries which are inferior to the pubic bone, yet superior to the tibia and fibula, which leave us with either the femoral artery or femoral circumflex artery. The correct answer is the pair of femoral circumflex arteries which supply muscles in the deep compartment of the thigh. The femoral artery does not have a medial or lateral branch.

The facial vein is responsible for draining the blood from the cheeks, lips, and nose. The posterior auricular vein drains blood from behind the ears. The internal jugular vein drains blood from the brain, face, and scalp (the facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein). The external jugular vein drains blood from the face and scalp. Both jugular veins drain into the subclavian vein.

The maxillary artery supplies blood to the mouth and nose. The axillary artery is located near the armpit and does not supply the head with blood. The carotid supplies most of the tissues of the head, but divides into branches, and most of its blood is taken to the brain. The superficial temporal artery supplies the top and sides of the head.

Cranial nerve (CN) II is also known as the optic nerve, which carries visual stimuli to the brain. CN I is the olfactory nerve and it allows for the detection of odors. CN III is the oculomotor nerve, which allows the eyeball to move. CN IV is the trochlear nerve, which helps rotate the eye inferiorly and laterally.

The trigeminal nerve is cranial nerve (CN) V, it has both sensory and motor functions including sensation of the face and scalp, and control of the muscles of mastication. CN XI is the accessory nerve, which has only motor functions, and innervates the muscles of the lateral and posterior neck. CN VI is the abducens nerve, which is a motor nerve that innervates the lateral rectus and controls eye movements. CN I is the olfactory nerve and involves the sense of olfaction.

The aortic arch comes directly from the left ventricle of the heart following the ascending aorta and has three branches that supply the head, neck, and upper extremities. The correct answer is the right common carotid artery, as this artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk. All the other answer choices come from the aortic arch. In the anatomical position from left to right it is ordered left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic trunk.

The brachiocephalic trunk extends to the right side of the chest and neck, giving rise to two main arteries. These are the right common carotid artery which supplies the neck, face and brain, and the axillary artery which extends to the shoulder and arm. The left common carotid and left subclavian arteries both arise from the aortic arch.

The left common carotid artery gives rise to the internal and external carotids. While each of the other answer choice supply an area of the face or neck, they do not arise from the common carotid artery. In fact, each of these arteries arise from either the internal or external carotid arteries.

The correct answer is the basilar artery. The vertebral arteries extend into the posterior compartment of the brain, merging to become the basilar artery which then anastomoses with arteries in the anterior compartment of the brain. The internal carotid arteries branch into the middle cerebral arteries while the posterior communicating arteries connect the middle and posterior cerebral arteries.

The fibular artery is one of three arteries that arise from the popliteal artery. The other two are the anterior and posterior tibial arteries which supply the anterior and posterior compartments respectively. Therefore the correct answer is the lateral compartment because there is no medial compartment.

The correct answer is the greater curvature of the stomach. This is because the greater curvature is connected to the greater omentum, a large fold of peritoneum that covers the organs in the abdomen. The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by the left and right gastric arteries, the spleen is supplied by the splenic artery, and the right quadrant of the liver is supplied by the right hepatic artery.

The correct answer is the proper hepatic artery. Each of these answer choices, however, supplies one portion of the liver, or gall bladder. The common hepatic artery gives rise to the proper hepatic artery which then gives rise to the right and left hepatic arteries as well as the cystic artery.

The correct answer is the adductor hiatus. This is the "hole" in the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh where the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery. Both the adductor magnus and braves are muscles and the sciatic notch is located posteriorly in the ilium.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and experience higher blood pressure. Thus, arteries have a thicker layer of muscle within the tunica media. Veins also have muscle in the tunica media, but it is much thinner than that found in arteries. Veins often are larger in diameter than arteries as well due to the larger volume of blood they carry. Finally, due to the thicker muscle in arteries, they have thicker walls than veins.

The phrenic nerve is the innervation for the diaphragm. It originates in the cervical spine at the levels of C3-C5. There are two phrenic nerves (left and right), which innervate their respective sides of the diaphragm. A helpful phrase to remember this is "C3,C4,C5 keeps the diaphragm alive!"

The correct answer is T4. The surface of the skin is divided into specific areas called dermatomes, which are derived from the cells of a somite. As a fetus the somite divides into 3 regions: (1) myotome, which forms skeletal muscle; (2) dermatome, which forms the connective tissues, including the dermis; and (3) sclerotome, which gives rise to the vertebrae. A dermatome is an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root. For the nipple this area is T4.

The correct answer is T6. The surface of the skin is divided into specific areas called dermatomes, which are derived from the cells of a somite. As a fetus the somite divides into 3 regions: (1) myotome, which forms skeletal muscle; (2) dermatome, which forms the connective tissues, including the dermis; and (3) sclerotome, which gives rise to the vertebrae. A dermatome is an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root. For the xiphoid process this area is T6.

The correct answer is T10. The surface of the skin is divided into specific areas called dermatomes, which are derived from the cells of a somite. As a fetus the somite divides into 3 regions: (1) myotome, which forms skeletal muscle; (2) dermatome, which forms the connective tissues, including the dermis; and (3) sclerotome, which gives rise to the vertebrae. A dermatome is an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root. For the umbilicus this area is T10.